Protocol for the diabetes, distress and disparities (3D) study: an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design

Caitlan DeVries; Alejandro Rodríguez-Putnam; Alana Ewen; Bella Flores; Pragya Choudhary; Emma Spring; Alyson Miller; Chuwen Zhong; Kara M Mannor; Rossella Messina; Briana Mezuk

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088082

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Protocol for the diabetes, distress and disparities (3D) study: an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design

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Caitlan DeVries Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Alejandro Rodríguez-Putnam Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Alana Ewen Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Bella Flores Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Pragya Choudhary Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Emma Spring Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Alyson Miller Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Chuwen Zhong Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Kara M Mannor Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Rossella Messina Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Briana Mezuk Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy PubMed articles Google scholar articles

Correspondence to Dr Briana Mezuk; bmezuk{at}umich.edu

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DeVries C, Rodríguez-Putnam A, Ewen A, et al

Protocol for the diabetes, distress and disparities (3D) study: an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design

BMJ Open 2025;15:e088082. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088082

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Received April 26, 2024
Accepted March 28, 2025
First published April 10, 2025.

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April 10, 2025

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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