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Cardiovascular medicine
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Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among women in a South Asian population: a descriptive study of modifiable risk factors
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  • Published on: 7 March 2025
    RE: Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among women in a South Asian population: a descriptive study of modifiable risk factors

    Dear editor,

    Rauf et al. examined modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in participants without ischaemic heart disease (1). There is a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD, such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity, especially in women. In contrast, atherosclerotic CVD risk score was higher in men. The authors speculated that risk factors such as age, gender and blood lipid profile may also contribute to the association between the prevalence of risk factors and atherosclerotic CVD risk score. I present a comment with special reference to sex difference.

    Pana et al. reported that women were undertreated compared to men after myocardial infarction, but better survival and outcome benefits were observed (2). This result may be partly explained as follows. Hetherington et al. summarized that women in pre-menopause periods would be protected from CVD by estrogen exposure (3). I understand that the risk assessment for CVD by using modifiable risk factors should be conducted by sex stratification. In addition, ethnic difference should be considered.

    References
    1. Rauf R, Khan MN, Sial JA, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among women in a South Asian population: a descriptive study of modifiable risk factors. BMJ Open 2024;14(11):e089149.
    2. Pana TA, Mamas MA, Myint PK, et al. Sex differences in myocardial infarction care and outcomes: a longitudinal Scottish National Data-Lin...

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    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.