Patient and hospital characteristics
| Characteristics (n=2491) | n/mean | Per cent/SD |
|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||
| Age (years) | ||
| <65 | 810 | 32.5 |
| 65–74 | 1052 | 42.2 |
| ≥75 | 629 | 25.3 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1976 | 79.3 |
| Female | 515 | 20.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| <25 | 1657 | 66.5 |
| 25–29 | 723 | 29.0 |
| ≥30 | 111 | 4.5 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Not smoking | 1095 | 44.0 |
| Smoking | 1396 | 56.0 |
| Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina grade | ||
| 1 and 2 | 1685 | 67.6 |
| 3 and 4 | 806 | 32.4 |
| Number of anastomotic grafts | ||
| 1 | 198 | 7.9 |
| ≥2 | 2293 | 92.1 |
| Use of IABP | ||
| No | 2263 | 90.8 |
| Yes | 228 | 9.2 |
| Preoperative LOS (days) | ||
| ≤3 | 879 | 35.3 |
| 4–6 | 900 | 36.2 |
| 7–9 | 482 | 19.3 |
| ≥10 | 230 | 9.2 |
| Duration of anaesthesia (hours) | ||
| ≤4 | 1495 | 60.0 |
| 4.5–6 | 429 | 17.2 |
| 6.5–8 | 390 | 15.7 |
| ≥8.5 | 177 | 7.1 |
| Elixhauser comorbidities* | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 551 | 22.1 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 239 | 9.6 |
| Valvular disease | 110 | 4.4 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 253 | 10.2 |
| Hypertension, uncomplicated | 1456 | 58.5 |
| Hypertension, complicated | 11 | 0.4 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 76 | 3.1 |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 797 | 32.0 |
| Diabetes, complicated | 340 | 13.6 |
| Hypothyroidism | 19 | 0.8 |
| Renal failure without dialysis | 116 | 4.7 |
| Renal failure with dialysis | 161 | 6.5 |
| Liver disease | 55 | 2.2 |
| Peptic ulcer disease excluding bleeding | 260 | 10.4 |
| Solid tumour without metastasis | 81 | 3.3 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis collagen vascular disease | 14 | 0.6 |
| Coagulopathy | 30 | 1.2 |
| Deficiency anaemia | 91 | 3.7 |
| Depression | 13 | 0.5 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||
| Academic status | ||
| Not teaching | 1836 | 73.7 |
| Teaching | 655 | 26.3 |
| Ownership | ||
| Public | 859 | 34.5 |
| Private not-for-profit | 1632 | 65.5 |
| Hospital index charge | ||
| 10:1 | 230 | 9.2 |
| 7:1 | 2261 | 90.8 |
| Size | ||
| ≤449 | 630 | 25.3 |
| 450–799 | 1298 | 52.1 |
| ≥800 | 563 | 22.6 |
| Hospital OPCAB volume | ||
| ≤14 | 498 | 20.0 |
| 15–29 | 680 | 27.3 |
| 30–59 | 727 | 29.2 |
| ≥60 | 586 | 23.5 |
| Resource use per patient | ||
| Total cost (US$; mean, SD) | 40 665 | 7774 |
| LOS (days; mean, SD) | 23.37 | 8.17 |
*Comorbidities present in <10 patients were not considered in this analysis.
BMI, body mass index; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pumping; LOS, length of stay; OPCAB, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.