Risk factors for neonatal, postneonatal and infant mortality: adjusted OR
| Characteristic | Neonatal mortality (0–30 days) | Postneonatal mortality (1–11 months) | Infant mortality (0–11 months) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted | Adjusted | Adjusted | ||||||||||
| OR | (95% CI) | p Value | OR | (95% CI) | p Value | OR | (95% CI) | p Value | ||||
| Year of survey | ||||||||||||
| 2004 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 2007 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 1.01 | 0.060 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.87 | 0.008 | 0.65 | 0.51 | 0.84 | 0.001 |
| 2011 | 0.79 | 0.59 | 1.06 | 0.116 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.002 | 0.67 | 0.52 | 0.86 | 0.002 |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Barisal | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Chittagong | – | – | – | – | 0.67 | 0.37 | 1.21 | 0.186 | 0.72 | 0.49 | 1.05 | 0.091 |
| Dhaka | – | – | – | – | 0.76 | 0.43 | 1.36 | 0.358 | 0.92 | 0.64 | 1.32 | 0.654 |
| Khulna | – | – | – | – | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.77 | 0.010 | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.83 | 0.006 |
| Rajshahi | – | – | – | – | 0.60 | 0.32 | 1.13 | 0.112 | 0.80 | 0.55 | 1.18 | 0.266 |
| Sylhet | – | – | – | – | 1.23 | 0.70 | 2.19 | 0.472 | 1.20 | 0.82 | 1.74 | 0.341 |
| Sex of baby | ||||||||||||
| Female | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Male | 1.27 | 1.00 | 1.61 | 0.050 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mother working status | ||||||||||||
| Not working | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Working | 1.35 | 1.01 | 1.80 | 0.041 | 1.90 | 1.32 | 2.74 | 0.001 | 1.60 | 1.26 | 2.01 | <0.001 |
| Maternal highest level of education | ||||||||||||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Primary | 0.79 | 0.59 | 1.04 | 0.096 | 0.81 | 0.54 | 1.19 | 0.280 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 1.02 | 0.069 |
| Secondary or more | 0.51 | 0.32 | 0.83 | 0.007 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.78 | 0.015 | 0.45 | 0.29 | 0.70 | <0.001 |
| Birth rank and birth interval | ||||||||||||
| 2nd/3rd birth rank, >2 years interval | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 1st birth rank | 1.32 | 0.97 | 1.79 | 0.079 | 0.92 | 0.58 | 1.46 | 0.723 | 1.17 | 0.90 | 1.51 | 0.233 |
| 2nd/3rd birth rank, ≤2 years interval | 3.08 | 1.98 | 4.80 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.44 | 2.26 | 0.993 | 2.30 | 1.55 | 3.42 | <0.001 |
| 4th birth rank, >2 years interval | 0.94 | 0.63 | 1.39 | 0.741 | 1.16 | 0.73 | 1.83 | 0.539 | 1.03 | 0.76 | 1.39 | 0.860 |
| 4th birth rank, ≤2 years interval | 2.02 | 1.11 | 3.69 | 0.022 | 3.22 | 1.74 | 5.94 | <0.001 | 2.82 | 1.81 | 4.40 | <0.001 |
| Combined place and mode of delivery | ||||||||||||
| Health facilities without caesarean | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | ||||||
| Health facilities with caesarean | 1.30 | 0.79 | 2.15 | 0.302 | – | – | – | – | 1.32 | 0.85 | 2.06 | 0.220 |
| Home | 0.61 | 0.41 | 0.93 | 0.021 | – | – | – | – | 0.61 | 0.42 | 0.88 | 0.008 |
| Previous death of sibling | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Yes | 5.24 | 3.38 | 8.12 | <0.001 | 3.13 | 1.87 | 5.26 | <0.001 | 4.91 | 3.45 | 6.98 | <0.001 |
| Children under-5 | ||||||||||||
| 1–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 3+ | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.19 | <0.001 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Delivery complications | ||||||||||||
| None | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Any complications | – | – | – | – | 0.54 | 0.34 | 0.85 | 0.008 | 0.72 | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.007 |
| TT pregnancy times | ||||||||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| One TT | 0.83 | 0.59 | 1.16 | 0.273 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 1.07 | 0.100 | 0.77 | 0.58 | 1.01 | 0.060 |
| 2+ TT | 0.60 | 0.45 | 0.80 | 0.001 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.61 | <0.001 | 0.51 | 0.40 | 0.65 | <0.001 |
| Contraceptive use | ||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.39 | <0.001 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.70 | <0.001 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.43 | <0.001 |
Independent variables adjusted are: year of survey, cluster type; geographical region; maternal marital status; religion; mother’s age; mother’s age at child’s birth; mother's working status; mother's BMI, maternal highest level of education; paternal highest level of education; wealth index; watches TV; listens to radio; reads newspapers; sex of child; children under-5; previous death of sibling; TT pregnancy times; birth rank and birth interval; desire for previous pregnancies; delivery complications; use of antenatal care; birth attendance; number of ANC visits; and combined place and mode of delivery.
ANC, antenatal care; BMI, body mass index; TT, tetanus toxoid.