Distribution of reviewed study by design and data sources
| Study design | Number of studies |
|---|---|
| Non-randomised controlled | 13 |
| Uncontrolled (pre–post clerkship) | 12 |
| Post-clerkship only | 5 |
| Longitudinal | 4 |
| Descriptive with statistical analysis | 22 |
| Descriptive only | 7 |
| Action research | 1 |
| Data sources | |
| Questionnaires | 36 |
| Interviews | 6 |
| Focus groups | 5 |
| Patient encounter forms | 12 |
| Coding/billing forms | 1 |
| Oral examination | 1 |
| Written examination | 2 |
| Clinical examination (OSCE) | 1 |
| Self-assessment forms | 4 |
| Direct observation | 3 |
| Specialty selection records | 6 |
OSCE, objective structured clinical examination.