Risk of OAC and HGD–OAC by drug class by duration on data pooled on patient-level
| Exposure | Duration category | OAC | HGD–OAC | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OAC Case N (%) | OAC Control N (%) | ORmatched (95% CI) | p Value | ORadjusted* (95% CI) | p Value | Case N (%) | Control N (%) | ORmatched (95% CI) | p Value | ORadjusted* (95% CI) | p Value | ||
| Total | 45 (100) | 732 (100) | 57 (100) | 1409 (100) | |||||||||
| NSAID | None | 32 (71) | 566 (77) | Ref | Ref | 44 (77) | 1159 (82) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 13 (29) | 166 (23) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.5) | 0.492 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) | 0.532 | 13 (23) | 250 (18) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.000 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.8) | 0.876 | |
| ≤1 months | 6 (11) | 65 (9) | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.6) | 0.454 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.5) | 0.471 | 6 (11) | 121 (9) | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.6) | 0.882 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.5) | 0.967 | |
| >1 months to 1 year | 5 (9) | 72 (10) | 1.2 (0.4 to 3.1) | 0.768 | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.0) | 0.817 | 5 (9) | 98 (7) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.4) | 0.836 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.3) | 0.737 | |
| >1 year | 2 (4) | 29 (4) | 1.2 (0.3 to 5.3) | 0.837 | 1.1 (0.3 to 5.2) | 0.859 | 2 (4) | 31 (2) | 1.1 (0.2 to 4.7) | 0.934 | 1.0 (0.2 to 4.6) | 0.970 | |
| Statins | None | 33 (73) | 479 (65) | Ref | Ref | 42 (74) | 1050 (75) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 12 (27) | 253 (35) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | 0.432 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.5) | 0.412 | 15 (26) | 359 (25) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.720 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.673 | |
| ≤1 months | 1 (2) | 6 (1) | 2.1 (0.2 to 20.4) | 0.511 | 2.0 (0.2 to 20.1) | 0.561 | 1 (2) | 7 (0) | 2.2 (0.2 to 20.6) | 0.487 | 2.1 (0.2 to 20.5) | 0.520 | |
| >1 months to 1 year | 3 (7) | 62 (8) | 0.9 (0.3 to 3.2) | 0.908 | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.4) | 0.971 | 4 (7) | 128 (9) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.8) | 0.914 | 1.0 (0.3 to 2.8) | 0.951 | |
| >1 to 2 years | 4 (9) | 66 (9) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.7) | 0.848 | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.6) | 0.824 | 5 (9) | 90 (6) | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.9) | 0.868 | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.8) | 0.907 | |
| >2 to 3 years | 1 (2) | 30 (4) | 0.6 (0.1 to 4.9) | 0.651 | 0.6 (0.1 to 4.7) | 0.629 | 2 (4) | 41 (3) | 1.2 (0.3 to 5.3) | 0.828 | 1.1 (0.2 to 4.9) | 0.897 | |
| >3 years | 3 (7) | 89 (12) | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.7) | 0.259 | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.7) | 0.239 | 3 (5) | 93 (7) | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.8) | 0.276 | 0.5 (0.1 to 1.7) | 0.253 | |
| PPIs | 0 to ≤6 months | 5 (11) | 103 (14) | Ref | Ref | 11 (19) | 450 (32) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 40 (89) | 629 (86) | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.0) | 0.814 | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.8) | 0.911 | 46 (81) | 959 (68) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.2) | 0.917 | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) | 0.855 | |
| >6 to ≤12 months | 6 (13) | 169 (23) | 1.9 (0.5 to 6.6) | 0.502 | 2.0 (0.5 to 7.0) | 0.299 | 7 (12) | 158 (11) | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.6) | 0.293 | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.5) | 0.312 | |
| >12 to ≤24 months | 9 (20) | 151 (21) | 1.8 (0.6 to 5.4) | 0.672 | 1.7 (0.6 to 5.3) | 0.328 | 10 (18) | 227 (16) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.2) | 0.255 | 1.6 (0.6 to 3.9) | 0.326 | |
| >24 months | 5 (11) | 162 (22) | 2.1 (0.8 to 5.6) | 0.476 | 1.9 (0.7 to 5.2) | 0.207 | 27 (47) | 377 (27) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.0) | 0.204 | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.6) | 0.327 | |
| SSRIs | None | 40 (89) | 679 (93) | Ref | Ref | 52 (91) | 1344 (95) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 5 (11) | 53 (7) | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.7) | 0.281 | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.6) | 0.310 | 5 (9) | 65 (5) | 1.6 (0.6 to 4.2) | 0.356 | 1.5 (0.6 to 4.1) | 0.390 | |
| ≤1 months | 0 (0) | 3 (0) | – | 0.992 | – | 0.992 | 0 (0) | 3 (0) | – | 0.988 | – | 0.988 | |
| >1 months to 1 year | 3 (7) | 23 (3) | 2.6 (0.7 to 9.2) | 0.142 | 2.5 (0.7 to 8.9) | 0.155 | 3 (5) | 28 (2) | 2.4 (0.7 to 8.6) | 0.165 | 2.4 (0.7 to 8.4) | 0.175 | |
| >1 year | 2 (4) | 27 (4) | 1.2 (0.3 to 5.5) | 0.778 | 1.2 (0.3 to 5.4) | 0.815 | 2 (4) | 34 (2) | 1.1 (0.2 to 4.9) | 0.888 | 1.1 (0.2 to 4.7) | 0.931 | |
| Low-dose aspirin | None | 35 (78) | 553 (76) | Ref | Ref | 46 (81) | 1189 (84) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 10 (22) | 179 (24) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.8) | 0.702 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.8) | 0.662 | 11 (19) | 220 (16) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.9) | 0.799 | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.8) | 0.764 | |
| ≤6 months | 2 (4) | 33 (5) | 1.0 (0.2 to 4.2) | 0.954 | 1.0 (0.2 to 4.3) | 0.970 | 2 (4) | 49 (3) | 0.9 (0.2 to 3.7) | 0.840 | 0.9 (0.2 to 3.8) | 0.847 | |
| >6 months to 1 year | 0 (0) | 26 (4) | – | – | 1 (2) | 36 (3) | – | – | |||||
| >1 year | 8 (18) | 120 (16) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.2) | 0.920 | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) | 0.844 | 8 (14) | 135 (10) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) | 0.867 | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) | 0.805 | |
*Adjusted for duration of follow-up since BO diagnosis.
Cumulative use of drugs considered continuously (OR represents the change per day additional use).
BO, Barrett's oesophagus; HGD, high-grade dysplasia; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; OAC, oesophageal adenocarcinoma; SSRIs, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors.