Change in pain, functional status and quality of life at 3 years from baseline
| Baseline | 12 Weeks | 24 Weeks | 1 Year | 3 Years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low back pain VAS | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.37 (2.70) | 2.14 (1.72) | 0.90 (1.01) | 0.59 (0.74) | 1.12 (1.64) |
| Mean change* (95% CI) | 2.23 (1.56 to 2.91) | 3.47 (2.81 to 4.14) | 3.78 (3.15 to 4.42) | 3.26 (2.58 to 3.93) | |
| Radiating leg pain VAS | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.57 (1.40) | 2.19 (1.82) | 0.82 (1.18) | 0.62 (2.12)† | 0.99 (1.58)† |
| Mean change* (95% CI) | 5.38 (4.86 to 5.90) | 6.75 (6.33 to 7.17) | 6.95 (6.50 to7.39) | 6.58 (6.10 to 7.07) | |
| Oswestry disability index | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 40.74 (16.15) | 18.99 (14.56) | 9.84 (9.67) | 6.47 (6.94) | 6.30 (7.19)† |
| Mean change* (95% CI) | 21.75 (17.03 to 26.48) | 30.90 (26.58 to 35.23) | 34.27 (30.19 to 38.36) | 34.44 (30.24 to 38.64) | |
| SF-36 total | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 34.96 (13.30)) | 57.78 (18.56) | 69.20 (14.96) | 75.45 (12.64) | 76.19(14.45)† |
| Mean change* (95% CI) | −23.09 (−27.31 to −18.33) | −34.37 (−38.55 to −29.96) | −39.58 (−44.70 to −36.28) | −40.38 (−45.72 to −36.75) | |
*Mean difference from baseline.
†A p value of over 0.05 after the paired t test on the difference with the immediate previous follow-up.
CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; SF, short form; VAS, visual analogue scale (1–10).