Gene–environment interaction: effect of long-term air pollution exposures on blood marker levels and MI risk among subjects in Stockholm, by IL6 and TNF genotypes
| Gene/SNP | Minor allele frequency % | Genetic model | Exposure | Genotype stratum | Outcome: blood marker in population controls | Outcome: myocardial infarction in case–control sample | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Blood marker | Air pollution effect on blood marker level, % (95% CI)*† | Interaction p Value* | Cases n | Controls n | Air pollution-related risk of MI, OR (95% CI)†‡ | Interaction p Value‡ | |||||
| IL6-174 | 48 | Add | NO2 1yr | GG | 207 | IL-6 | −11.6 (−52.1 to +62.9) | 0.02 | 264 | 358 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.12 |
| (rs1800795) | GC | 367 | +63.0 (+9.9 to +141.7) | 538 | 709 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | ||||||
| CC | 167 | +200.6 (+48.3 to +509.7) | 257 | 318 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | |||||||
| IL6-598 | 47 | Add | NO2 1yr | GG | 216 | IL-6 | −23.0 (−58.5 to +42.7) | 0.006 | 267 | 376 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.12 |
| (rs180797) | GA | 334 | +61.7 (+8.8 to +140.3) | 508 | 657 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | ||||||
| AA | 162 | +239.9 (+67.5 to +589.9) | 262 | 311 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.2) | |||||||
| TNF-308 | 17 | Rec | NO2 1yr | GG/GA | 878 | TNF-α | −1.6 (−14.7 to +13.5) | 0.20 | 1043 | 1336 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.72 |
| (rs1800629) | AA | 23 | +63.6 (−23.6 to +250.6) | 26 | 45 | 1.3 (0.3 to 6.3) | ||||||
| SO2 1yr | GG/GA | 878 | −6.5 (−19.6 to +8.7) | 0.02 | 1043 | 1336 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 0.45 | ||||
| AA | 23 | +163.5 (+15.1 to +503.2) | 26 | 45 | 1.6 (0.4 to 6.7) | |||||||
Add, additive model; rec, recessive model.
*Adjusted for age and sex.
†Effect estimates per 1 unit of change in air pollution exposure, where unit corresponds to the difference between the 5th and 95th centiles of the exposure distribution in the population controls with no missing data: 28.1 µg/m3 for NO2 1 year, 6.8 µg/m3 for SO2 1 year.
‡Adjusted for age, sex and hospital catchment area.