Table 1

Characteristics of the sample for telephone survey by gender

MaleFemale
NPer centN%p Value
Sample size120151.2114648.8
Age (years, mean, SD)77.36.677.36.60.959
Marital status
 Ex-married19416.273464.0<0.001
 Single312.6221.9
 Married97481.238934.0
Smoking history<0.001
 Never37531.249843.5
 Current60650.543738.1
 Quit22018.321118.4
Alcohol use41034.119917.4<0.001
Exercise (times/week, mean, SD)5.62.65.42.70.068
BMI (kg/m2, mean, SD)23.73.124.13.9<0.01
Hospitalisation21818.221919.10.560
Self-rated health<0.001
 Better45237.630226.4
 Normal63252.664356.1
 Worse1179.720117.5
PCS12 score (mean, SD)42.910.837.611.1<0.001
MCS12 score (mean, SD)52.89.050.210.8<0.001
Education level<0.001
 Postsecondary1058.7191.7
 Secondary30025.01018.8
 Primary61050.835531.0
 Uneducated12710.624221.1
 Illiterate594.942937.4
House tenure<0.001
 Self-owned62752.250043.6
 Non-self-owned57447.864656.4
Income<0.001
 >10000463.8252.2
 6000–99991028.5978.5
 3000–599932126.742136.7
 2000–299929524.633929.6
 1000–199926021.715013.1
 <100017714.711410.0
Expenditure<0.001
 >10000211.8211.8
 6000–999919616.313511.8
 3000–599943436.146740.8
 2000–299941034.134530.1
 <200014011.717815.5
Economic hardship<0.001
 More than enough857.1393.4
 Enough55145.944739.0
 Just right37231.044038.4
 Insufficient19316.122019.2
Occupation<0.001
 Professional26121.7796.9
 Workers74762.243638.1
 Elementary18515.446640.7
 Unemployed80.716514.4
  • BMI, body mass index; MCS, mental component score; PCS, physical component score.