Characteristics of athletes according to stress fracture (SF) history: mean (SD)
| Characteristics | SF group (n=19) | Control (C) group (n=51) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 25.6 (6.4) | 26.1 (7.8) |
| Height (m) | 1.67 (0.05) | 1.67 (0.05) |
| Weight (kg) | 56.2 (4.8) | 54. 9 (6.2) |
| Body fat (%) | 16.6 (4.7) | 17.4 (6.4) |
| Lower leg lean tissue mass (kg) | 2.61 (0.03) | 2.46 (0.02) |
| Calf circumference (cm) | 32.0 (2.3) | 31.2 (1.80) |
| Time since stress fracture (years; median (IQR)) | 2.0 (3.0) | – |
| Training | ||
| Time since commencing training (years) | 7.4 (4.3) | 7.8 (6.4) |
| Age at commencing competition (years) | 18.3 (7.0) | 18.4 (8.5) |
| Weekly training duration (hours/week) | 14.2 (4.3) | 12.1 (4.3) |
| Bone mineral density (g/cm2) | ||
| Total body | 1.160 (0.070) | 1.151 (0.064) |
| Femoral neck | 1.068 (0.122) | 1.089 (0.107) |
| Lumbar spine | 1.144 (0.157) | 1.119 (0.099) |
| Bone mineral content (g) | ||
| Total body | 2482 (305) | 2425 (298) |
| Femoral neck | 4.9 (0.4) | 5.1 (0.7) |
| Lumbar spine | 60.5 (12.2) | 60.2 (9.9) |
| Bone geometry | ||
| CSA (mm2) | 154 (17) | 157 (21) |
| Minimal femoral neck width (mm) | 28.9 (2.6) | 28.4 (2.1) |
| Section modulus (mm3) | 677 (117) | 674 (121) |
| Menstrual history | ||
| Age at Menarche (years) | 13.9 (1.7) | 14.1 (2.1) |
| History of amenorrhoea† | 15 (78.9%) | 26 (51.0%) |
| Current a/oligomenorrhoea† | 13 (68.4%) | 17 (33.3%) |
| Current eumenorrhoea† | 6 (31.6%) | 34 (66.7%) |
| Hormonal contraception | ||
| Current hormonal contraception users† | 4 (21.1%) | 17 (33.3%) |
| Current hormonal contraception use in a/oligomenorrhoea (HCA)† | 4 (21.1%) | 3 (64.7%) |
| Four-day diet analysis | SF (n=17) | C (n=44) |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1862 (688) | 1875 (365) |
| CHO (%) | 55.2 (5.3) | 56.6 (5.3) |
| Protein (%) | 14.8 (2.9) | 16.2 (3.3) |
| Fat (%) | 30.0 (4.9) | 27.2 (5.3) |
| Calcium (mg) | 887 (377) | 944 (277) |
*Significant difference between stress fracture and control groups: p<0.05.
†Reported as the number of people and percentage.