Table 2

Final calibration of the six diagnostic groups after the splitting of the DIF items into two main groups: asymmetric disorders (CS, CP) and symmetric disorders (RA, SSc, NMDc, NMDa)

Hands involvementResponded byDifficulty* (logits)SE (logits)
ItemCSCPRASScNMDcNMDa
a01 Hammering a nail2Cx3.600.23
a02 Cutting one's nails2Cxx3.320.15
a03 Threading a needle2Cx3.310.23
a04 Peeling potatoes with a knife2Cx3.280.23
a05 Wrapping up gifts2Cx3.200.25
a06 Filing one's nails2Cx2.820.21
a07 Peeling onions2Cx2.670.24
s08 Shelling hazel nuts2Cxx2.380.14
a08 Shelling hazel nuts2Cx2.230.24
a09 Winding up a wristwatch2Bx2.080.20
a10 Using a screwdriver2Bx2.040.22
s01 Hammering a nail2Cxx1.880.15
s11 Taking the cap off a bottle2Bxxx1.840.12
a12 Screwing on a nut2Bx1.810.25
s04 Peeling potatoes with a knife2Cxxx1.560.12
a13 Sharpening a pencil2Cxx1.310.16
a11 Taking the cap off a bottle2Bx1.090.23
s07 Peeling onions2Cxx0.910.14
a14 Spreading butter on a slice of bread2Bxx0.740.16
b15 Fastening a snap (eg, jacket, bag)2Axxxxxx0.680.09
a16 Replacing a light bulb2Bx0.590.30
s06 Filing one's nails2Cxx0.590.14
s16 Replacing a light bulb2Bxx0.480.15
s05 Wrapping up gifts2Cxx0.460.15
a17 Opening mail2Bxx0.410.16
a18 Handling a stapler2Ax0.190.30
b19 Peeling a banana2Bxx−0.190.15
b20 Filling a glass with water2Axxx−0.200.12
b21 Opening a pack of biscuits2Bxxx−0.200.13
s22 Turning on a tap1xx−0.210.15
b23 Opening a car door1xx−0.480.15
a24 Opening a bread box2Ax−0.560.22
s25 Picking up a can1xxxx−0.930.12
b26 Throwing a ball1xx−0.990.16
b27 Brushing one's hair1xxxx−1.200.13
a28 Unwrapping candy2Cx−1.200.23
a22 Turning on a tap1x−1.410.26
b29 Washing one's face1xxxx−1.630.14
a30 Placing a glass of water on a table1xx−1.700.22
s31 Dealing cards2Bx−1.800.25
a32 Drinking a glass of water1xx−1.870.25
a33 Handling a four-colour ballpoint pen with one hand1x−2.020.37
a34 Counting banknotes2Ax−2.200.29
b35 Turning on a radio1xxxx−2.280.18
a36 Wiping one's hands2Ax−2.320.26
s37 Using a fork1xxx−2.510.21
s38 Turning on a television1xxxx−2.560.18
b39 Piling up Lego blocks2Axx−2.740.21
b40 Using a spoon1xxx−3.350.17
a38 Turning on a television1xx−3.430.38
a41 Turning off a tap1x−3.540.56
s42 Blowing one's nose1xx−3.930.23
  • *Higher logit values indicate a greater manual ability for more difficult activities.

  • a, asymmetric disorders (CS, CP); s, symmetric disorders (RA, SSc, NMDc, NMDa); b, both symmetric and asymmetric disorders; 1 indicates unimanual activities; 2 indicates bimanual activities manageable in several unimanual steps (2A); requiring stabilisation with one hand and digital activity with the other (2B); requiring digital activity from both hands (2C). CP, cerebral palsy; CS, chronic stroke; NMDa, neuromuscular adults; NMDc, neuromuscular children; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SE, standard error; SSc, systemic sclerosis.