Table 3

Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mental ill health among patients with specific atopic and allergic disorders

		Number of outcomes	Person years	Incidence rate (per 10 000 person years)	Unadjusted HR	Adjusted HR
(A) Food allergy
Composite	Exposed	6955	583 190	119.26	1.21 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.25, p<0.001)	1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.11, p<0.001)
Composite	Unexposed	6335	648 193	97.73	1.21 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.25, p<0.001)	1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.11, p<0.001)
SMI	Exposed	180	617 205	2.92	1.18 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.46, p 0.129)	1.13 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.42, p 0.286)
SMI	Unexposed	165	677 620	2.44	1.18 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.46, p 0.129)	1.13 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.42, p 0.286)
Anxiety	Exposed	2908	604 387	48.12	1.33 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.40, p<0.001)	1.15 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.22, p<0.001)
Anxiety	Unexposed	2355	667 832	35.26	1.33 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.40, p<0.001)	1.15 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.22, p<0.001)
Depression	Exposed	3692	597 935	61.75	1.18 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.24, p<0.001)	1.03 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.09, p 0.184)
Depression	Unexposed	3425	660 867	51.83	1.18 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.24, p<0.001)	1.03 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.09, p 0.184)
Eating disorders	Exposed	263	616 739	4.26	1.20 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.43, p 0.042)	1.09 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.32, p 0.351)
Eating disorders	Unexposed	240	677 337	3.54	1.20 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.43, p 0.042)	1.09 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.32, p 0.351)
OCD	Exposed	188	617 035	3.05	1.27 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.57, p 0.028)	1.12 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.41, p 0.341)
OCD	Unexposed	158	677 684	2.33	1.27 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.57, p 0.028)	1.12 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.41, p 0.341)
Self harm	Exposed	917	614 055	14.93	1.01 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.10, p 0.891)	0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.05, p 0.335)
Self harm	Unexposed	970	674 407	14.38	1.01 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.10, p 0.891)	0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.05, p 0.335)
(B) Drug allergy
Composite	Exposed	136 246	8 629 804	157.88	1.35 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.36, p<0.001)	1.28 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.29, p<0.001)
Composite	Unexposed	104 501	8 773 298	119.11	1.35 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.36, p<0.001)	1.28 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.29, p<0.001)
SMI	Exposed	3467	9 429 027	3.68	1.07 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.13, p 0.004)	1.07 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.12, p 0.007)
SMI	Unexposed	3245	9 364 852	3.47	1.07 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.13, p 0.004)	1.07 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.12, p 0.007)
Anxiety	Exposed	55 508	9 120 391	60.86	1.43 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.45, p<0.001)	1.36 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.37, p<0.001)
Anxiety	Unexposed	39 114	9 159 493	42.70	1.43 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.45, p<0.001)	1.36 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.37, p<0.001)
Depression	Exposed	85 637	8 920 011	96.01	1.35 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.37, p<0.001)	1.27 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.28, p<0.001)
Depression	Unexposed	64 926	8 990 436	72.22	1.35 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.37, p<0.001)	1.27 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.28, p<0.001)
Eating disorders	Exposed	1834	9 434 611	1.94	1.09 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.16, p 0.011)	1.12 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.20, p 0.001)
Eating disorders	Unexposed	1711	9 371 394	1.83	1.09 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.16, p 0.011)	1.12 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.20, p 0.001)
OCD	Exposed	1663	9 434 811	1.76	1.34 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.44, p<0.001)	1.37 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.47, p<0.001)
OCD	Unexposed	1241	9 372 528	1.32	1.34 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.44, p<0.001)	1.37 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.47, p<0.001)
Self harm	Exposed	10 780	9 390 771	11.48	1.13 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.16, p<0.001)	1.18 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.22, p<0.001)
Self harm	Unexposed	9531	9 333 037	10.21	1.13 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.16, p<0.001)	1.18 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.22, p<0.001)
(C) Anaphylaxis
Composite	Exposed	1773	100 899	175.72	1.57 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.69, p<0.001)	1.43 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.54, p<0.001)
Composite	Unexposed	1229	108 556	113.21	1.57 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.69, p<0.001)	1.43 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.54, p<0.001)
SMI	Exposed	33	111 340	2.96	0.99 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.58, p 0.951)	0.93 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.54, p 0.792)
SMI	Unexposed	36	115 380	3.12	0.99 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.58, p 0.951)	0.93 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.54, p 0.792)
Anxiety	Exposed	769	107 135	71.78	1.76 (95% CI 1.57 to 1.97, p<0.001)	1.59 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.79, p<0.001)
Anxiety	Unexposed	460	112 994	40.71	1.76 (95% CI 1.57 to 1.97, p<0.001)	1.59 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.79, p<0.001)
Depression	Exposed	1050	104 749	100.24	1.51 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.66, p<0.001)	1.36 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.50, p<0.001)
Depression	Unexposed	748	111 314	67.20	1.51 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.66, p<0.001)	1.36 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.50, p<0.001)
Eating disorders	Exposed	31	111 337	2.78	1.08 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.78, p 0.777)	0.89 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.56, p 0.693)
Eating disorders	Unexposed	30	115 429	2.60	1.08 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.78, p 0.777)	0.89 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.56, p 0.693)
OCD	Exposed	32	111 288	2.88	2.04 (95% CI 1.13 to 3.68, p 0.018)	2.37 (95% CI 1.28 to 4.40, p 0.006)
OCD	Unexposed	17	115 524	1.47	2.04 (95% CI 1.13 to 3.68, p 0.018)	2.37 (95% CI 1.28 to 4.40, p 0.006)
Self harm	Exposed	196	110 613	17.72	1.94 (95% CI 1.53 to 2.47, p<0.001)	1.83 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.36, p<0.001)
Self harm	Unexposed	105	115 123	9.12	1.94 (95% CI 1.53 to 2.47, p<0.001)	1.83 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.36, p<0.001)
(D) Urticaria
Composite	Exposed	43 001	2.966,951	144.93	1.25 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.27, p<0.001)	1.15 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.17, p<0.001)
Composite	Unexposed	35 624	3 060 309	116.41	1.25 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.27, p<0.001)	1.15 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.17, p<0.001)
SMI	Exposed	863	3 231 215	2.67	0.91 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.99, p 0.035)	0.87 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.96, p 0.004)
SMI	Unexposed	950	3 261 340	2.91	0.91 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.99, p 0.035)	0.87 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.96, p 0.004)
Anxiety	Exposed	18 675	3 123 901	59.78	1.33 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.36, p<0.001)	1.23 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.25, p<0.001)
Anxiety	Unexposed	14 118	3 188 116	44.28	1.33 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.36, p<0.001)	1.23 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.25, p<0.001)
Depression	Exposed	24 988	3 072 521	96.01	1.27 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.29, p<0.001)	1.15 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.17, p<0.001)
Depression	Unexposed	20 251	3 143 972	72.22	1.27 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.29, p<0.001)	1.15 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.17, p<0.001)
Eating disorders	Exposed	1090	3 229 622	3.38	1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.22. p 0.008)	1.13 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.23, p 0.007)
Eating disorders	Unexposed	992	3 261 134	3.04	1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.22. p 0.008)	1.13 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.23, p 0.007)
OCD	Exposed	786	3 230 785	2.43	1.24 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.38, p<0.001)	1.20 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.34, p<0.001)
OCD	Unexposed	630	3 262 586	1.93	1.24 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.38, p<0.001)	1.20 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.34, p<0.001)
Self harm	Exposed	5105	3 209 184	15.91	1.03 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.07, p 0.162)	1.03 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.07, p 0.176)
Self harm	Unexposed	4942	3 241 833	15.24	1.03 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.07, p 0.162)	1.03 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.07, p 0.176)
(E) Allergic rhinitis
Composite	Exposed	12 576	725 508	173.34	1.21 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.22, p<0.001)	1.12 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.14, p<0.001)
Composite	Unexposed	8368	650 841	128.57	1.21 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.22, p<0.001)	1.12 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.14, p<0.001)
SMI	Exposed	239	812 716	2.94	0.95 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.01, p 0.101)	0.96 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.02, p 0.149)
SMI	Unexposed	208	701 764	2.96	0.95 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.01, p 0.101)	0.96 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.02, p 0.149)
Anxiety	Exposed	5588	775 154	75.96	1.30 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.32, p<0.001)	1.21 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.23, p<0.001)
Anxiety	Unexposed	3400	682 732	49.80	1.30 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.32, p<0.001)	1.21 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.23, p<0.001)
Depression	Exposed	7308	760 744	96.06	1.22 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.24, p<0.001)	1.12 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.14, p<0.001)
Depression	Unexposed	4824	672 055	71.78	1.22 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.24, p<0.001)	1.12 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.14, p<0.001)
Eating disorders	Exposed	349	811 814	4.30	1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.16, p 0.004)	1.06 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.13, p 0.061)
Eating disorders	Unexposed	234	701 573	3.34	1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.16, p 0.004)	1.06 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.13, p 0.061)
OCD	Exposed	263	812 322	3.24	1.26 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.35, p<0.001)	1.23 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.31, p<0.001)
OCD	Unexposed	142	702 130	2.02	1.26 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.35, p<0.001)	1.23 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.31, p<0.001)
Self harm	Exposed	1430	805 392	17.76	0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.95, p<0.001)	0.93 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.96, p<0.001)
Self harm	Unexposed	1212	696 241	17.41	0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.95, p<0.001)	0.93 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.96, p<0.001)

*Adjusted HR: adjusted for age, sex, alcohol use, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), Townsend deprivation quintile score, asthma, and eczema at baseline.
OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; SMI, severe mental illness.