Table 1

Eligibility criteria

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Patient	Diagnosis of sudden and severe acute brain injury due to at least one of etiology (vascular, traumatic, metabolic, toxic, infectious, or anoxic) AND Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3-8 for at least 24 hours AND Unable to express themselves verbally or non-verbally OR Diagnosis of advanced stage organ failure (any of the following) Chronic lung disease requiring long-term oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation Decompensated liver cirrhosis Chronic heart failure with the New York Heart Association class III or IV Progressive neurological disease with a modified Rankin Score of 3-5 (e.g., dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) Three or more chronic comorbidities causing limitations in activities of daily living AND APACHE II score ≥ 14 at the time of screening AND ICU stay of 7 days or more	Under 19 years of age Unable to speak, understand, or read Korean Refusing palliative care consultation Referred to palliative care prior to study enrollment Within 48 hours of ICU admission Presence of active cancer under treatment within 6 months prior to ICU admission Care goals set to “comfort care” at the time of study enrollment Death expected within 48 hours at the time of study enrollment Lack of capacity to participate in the study without an appropriate surrogate
Family caregiver	Family caregiver of a patient who meets the inclusion criteria (Family: defined as the patient’s spouse, lineal ascendants and descendants within two degrees of kinship and their spouses, siblings and their spouses, and relatives within eight degrees of kinship and their spouses) Aged 19 or older Willing and able to provide consent for participation in the study	Under 19 years of age Unable to speak, understand, or read Korean Determined by a physician to be in extremely poor health, making participation in the study infeasible Refusing palliative care consultation

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Patient

Diagnosis of sudden and severe acute brain injury due to at least one of etiology (vascular, traumatic, metabolic, toxic, infectious, or anoxic) AND
Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3-8 for at least 24 hours AND
Unable to express themselves verbally or non-verbally

Diagnosis of advanced stage organ failure (any of the following)
- Chronic lung disease requiring long-term oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation
- Decompensated liver cirrhosis
- Chronic heart failure with the New York Heart Association class III or IV
- Progressive neurological disease with a modified Rankin Score of 3-5 (e.g., dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
- Three or more chronic comorbidities causing limitations in activities of daily living AND
APACHE II score ≥ 14 at the time of screening AND
ICU stay of 7 days or more

Under 19 years of age
Unable to speak, understand, or read Korean
Refusing palliative care consultation
Referred to palliative care prior to study enrollment
Within 48 hours of ICU admission
Presence of active cancer under treatment within 6 months prior to ICU admission
Care goals set to “comfort care” at the time of study enrollment
Death expected within 48 hours at the time of study enrollment
Lack of capacity to participate in the study without an appropriate surrogate

Family caregiver

Family caregiver of a patient who meets the inclusion criteria
(Family: defined as the patient’s spouse, lineal ascendants and descendants within two degrees of kinship and their spouses, siblings and their spouses, and relatives within eight degrees of kinship and their spouses)
Aged 19 or older
Willing and able to provide consent for participation in the study

Under 19 years of age
Unable to speak, understand, or read Korean
Determined by a physician to be in extremely poor health, making participation in the study infeasible
Refusing palliative care consultation

Cases where either the patient or the family caregiver meets any of the following conditions.
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU, intensive care unit.