Characteristics of patients based on the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 relative to surgery
| Overall (n=3571) | No COVID-19 (n=959) | Preoperative COVID-19 (n=1871) | Postoperative COVID-19 (n=741) | |
| Men, n (%) | 1622 (45.42) | 432 (45.05) | 859 (45.91) | 331 (44.67) |
| Age, years, IQR | 52 (40, 63) | 55 (44, 65) | 50 (38, 61) | 51 (39, 61) |
| BMI, kg/m2, IQR | 23.15 (20.93, 25.19) | 23.05 (20.70, 24.97) | 23.15 (20.95, 25.39) | 23.21 (21.02, 25.15) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 440 (12.32) | 137 (14.29) | 209 (11.17) | 94 (12.69) |
| COVID-19 vaccination status, n (%) | 3318 (92.92) | 854 (89.05) | 1755 (93.80) | 709 (95.68) |
| Severity of COVID-19*, n (%) | ||||
| Mild | 2461 (94.22) | NA | 1769 (94.55) | 692 (93.39) |
| Moderate/severe | 151 (5.78) | NA | 102 (5.45) | 49 (6.61) |
| Number of comorbidities†, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 2323 (65.05) | 564 (58.81) | 1261 (67.40) | 498 (67.21) |
| 1 | 112 (3.14) | 36 (3.75) | 53 (2.83) | 23 (3.10) |
| 2 | 519 (14.53) | 171 (17.83) | 260 (13.90) | 88 (11.88) |
| 3 | 364 (10.19) | 111 (11.57) | 174 (9.30) | 79 (10.66) |
| ≥4 | 253 (7.08) | 77 (8.03) | 123 (6.57) | 53 (7.15) |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 1296 (36.29) | 370 (38.58) | 642 (34.31) | 284 (38.33) |
| ASA classification, n (%) | ||||
| Grades 1–2 | 3048 (85.35) | 792 (82.59) | 1615 (86.32) | 641 (86.50) |
| Grades 3–5 | 523 (14.65) | 167 (17.41) | 256 (13.68) | 100 (13.50) |
| Grade of surgery, n (%) | ||||
| Minor | 1349 (37.78) | 337 (35.14) | 743 (39.71) | 269 (36.30) |
| Major | 2222 (62.22) | 622 (64.86) | 1128 (60.29) | 472 (63.70) |
| Urgent of surgery, n (%) | ||||
| Elective | 3339 (93.50) | 903 (94.16) | 1741 (93.05) | 695 (93.79) |
| Emergency | 232 (6.50) | 56 (5.84) | 130 (6.95) | 46 (6.21) |
| Duration of surgery, n (%) | ||||
| ≤240 min | 3060 (85.69) | 811 (84.57) | 1612 (86.16) | 637 (85.96) |
| >240 min | 511 (14.31) | 148 (15.43) | 259 (13.84) | 104 (14.04) |
| General anaesthesia, n (%) | 3402 (95.27) | 929 (96.87) | 1765 (94.33) | 708 (95.55) |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | ||||
| Thoracic | 821 (22.99) | 179 (18.67) | 454 (24.27) | 188 (25.37) |
| Head and neck | 518 (14.51) | 154 (16.06) | 263 (14.06) | 101 (13.63) |
| Cardiovascular | 336 (9.41) | 103 (10.74) | 154 (8.23) | 79 (10.66) |
| Digestive | 444 (12.43) | 160 (16.68) | 208 (11.12) | 76 (10.26) |
| Breast | 371 (10.39) | 84 (8.76) | 190 (10.15) | 97 (13.09) |
| Gynaecologic and obstetrics | 317 (8.88) | 63 (6.57) | 193 (10.32) | 61 (8.23) |
| Orthopaedic | 276 (7.73) | 78 (8.13) | 134 (7.16) | 64 (8.64) |
| Other surgeries‡ | 488 (13.67) | 138 (14.39) | 275 (14.70) | 75 (10.12) |
| Postoperative complications, n (%) | 420 (11.76) | 103 (10.74) | 214 (11.44) | 103 (13.90) |
Continuous variables are described as median (IQR) and categorical variables are described as number (per cent).
*Due to 959 of the patients being No COVID-19, the total of severity of COVID-19 may not sum up to the overall study population size.
†Comorbidity included diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diffuse emphysema, bronchiectasis, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, lung transplantation status, respiratory failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, cardiomyopathy, ventricular aneurysm, pericardial disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease.
‡Other surgeries included urological surgery, interventional surgery, plastic surgery, hernia surgery and neurosurgery.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; NA, not available.