Survey-weighted characteristics of the general adult population by CKM syndrome stages in NHANES 2007–2020
| Characteristics | CKM syndrome stage | P value | ||||
| Stage 0 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 | ||
| Participant, N | 1457 | 3211 | 7735 | 1385 | 1780 | |
| Age, years | <0.001 | |||||
| 20–39 | 996 (66.05) | 1676 (53.78) | 2138 (30.22) | 9 (0.80) | 74 (5.53) | |
| 40–59 | 382 (28.56) | 1134 (35.22) | 3345 (46.34) | 64 (4.80) | 398 (24.98) | |
| ≥60 | 79 (5.39) | 401 (11.01) | 2252 (23.45) | 1312 (94.40) | 1308 (69.49) | |
| Sex, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Female | 974 (67.31) | 1728 (51.37) | 3921 (48.92) | 608 (48.92) | 789 (45.22) | |
| Male | 483 (32.69) | 1483 (48.63) | 3814 (51.08) | 777 (51.08) | 991 (54.78) | |
| Race/ethnicity, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 657 (70.46) | 1159 (62.34) | 2886 (64.89) | 713 (72.83) | 918 (72.65) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 188 (7.34) | 686 (12.58) | 1672 (11.54) | 271 (11.22) | 407 (12.03) | |
| Other race | 612 (22.20) | 1366 (25.08) | 3177 (23.57) | 401 (15.95) | 455 (15.32) | |
| Education level, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Below high school | 194 (9.48) | 613 (12.65) | 1898 (16.86) | 470 (25.14) | 577 (24.98) | |
| High school | 258 (16.68) | 671 (21.45) | 1773 (23.05) | 369 (29.35) | 457 (27.22) | |
| Above high school | 1005 (73.84) | 1927 (65.90) | 4064 (60.09) | 546 (45.50) | 746 (47.80) | |
| Family PIR, % | <0.001 | |||||
| ≤1.0 | 271 (12.78) | 713 (15.79) | 1702 (15.42) | 306 (16.63) | 417 (16.89) | |
| 1.1–3.0 | 535 (30.49) | 1255 (34.38) | 3212 (35.43) | 685 (47.18) | 890 (46.62) | |
| >3.0 | 651 (56.74) | 1243 (49.83) | 2821 (49.15) | 394 (36.19) | 473 (36.49) | |
| Smoking status, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Never smoker | 1004 (65.82) | 1980 (60.01) | 4372 (55.25) | 649 (47.09) | 729 (39.83) | |
| Former smoker | 185 (15.70) | 622 (22.11) | 1784 (24.73) | 544 (40.90) | 671 (38.58) | |
| Current smoker | 268 (18.48) | 609 (17.88) | 1579 (20.02) | 192 (12.01) | 380 (21.60) | |
| Drinking status, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-drinker | 185 (9.86) | 332 (8.67) | 1036 (10.29) | 265 (18.90) | 249 (12.03) | |
| Former drinker | 89 (5.74) | 251 (7.36) | 966 (11.98) | 337 (23.05) | 409 (23.48) | |
| Current drinker | 1183 (84.40) | 2628 (83.97) | 5733 (77.73) | 783 (58.05) | 1122 (64.49) | |
| Physical activity, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Inactive | 222 (12.18) | 569 (16.28) | 1915 (21.59) | 616 (42.11) | 742 (37.13) | |
| Insufficiently active | 470 (31.79) | 992 (32.01) | 2524 (33.94) | 397 (29.85) | 502 (30.15) | |
| Active | 765 (56.02) | 1650 (51.70) | 3296 (44.46) | 372 (28.04) | 536 (32.72) | |
| Total energy intakes, kcal/day | 1974.00 (1551.00, 2624.00) | 2098.00 (1588.00, 2751.00) | 2066.00 (1531.00, 2709.00) | 1666.00 (1263.00, 2147.00) | 1810.00 (1330.00, 2360.00) | <0.001 |
| Serum calcium, mmol/L | 2.35 (2.30, 2.40) | 2.33 (2.28, 2.38) | 2.33 (2.28, 2.40) | 2.35 (2.28, 2.40) | 2.33 (2.28, 2.40) | <0.001 |
| Serum phosphorus, mmol/L | 1.23 (1.13, 1.32) | 1.16 (1.07, 1.29) | 1.16 (1.07, 1.29) | 1.16 (1.07, 1.29) | 1.16 (1.07, 1.29) | <0.001 |
| Urinary creatinine, mg/dL | 102.00 (57.00, 160.00) | 118.00 (69.00, 176.00) | 115.00 (69.00, 170.00) | 99.00 (65.00, 143.00) | 108.00 (67.00, 155.00) | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 91.00 (86.00, 95.00) | 98.00 (92.00, 103.00) | 103.00 (96.00, 112.00) | 114.00 (100.00, 134.00) | 108.00 (98.00, 126.00) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin A1c, % | 5.200 (5.00, 5.300) | 5.300 (5.100, 5.600) | 5.500 (5.300, 5.800) | 6.00 (5.600, 6.600) | 5.800 (5.500, 6.400) | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 97.00 (79.00,118.00) | 112.00 (92.00, 134.00) | 118.00 (96.00,142.00) | 104.00 (80.00,126.00) | 94.00 (74.00,121.00) | <0.001 |
| HDL- cholesterol, mg/dL | 62.00 (53.00, 73.00) | 55.00 (47.00, 65.00) | 48.00 (40.00, 59.00) | 50.00 (42.00, 61.00) | 48.00 (40.00, 59.00) | <0.001 |
| Kidney stone, % | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 1390 (94.90) | 3014 (93.29) | 6968 (89.47) | 1198 (85.00) | 1497 (83.45) | |
| Yes | 67 (5.10) | 197 (6.71) | 767 (10.53) | 187 (15.00) | 283 (16.55) | |
Continuous variables without a normal distribution are presented as medians (IQRs). Sampling weights were applied for calculation of demographic descriptive statistics; N reflects the study sample, while percentages reflect the survey-weighted data.
CKM, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PIR, poverty income ratio.