Table 4

Stratified analyses of the associations between CKM syndrome stage and the prevalence of kidney stone among adults in NHANES 2007–2020

SubgroupsNCKM syndrome stageP-int
Stage 0Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4
Age, years0.482
 20–5910 2161 (reference)1.35 (0.92–1.98)2.10 (1.51–2.91)2.79 (0.86–9.10)3.14 (2.08–4.73)
 ≥ 6053521 (reference)0.61 (0.20–1.89)0.96 (0.32–2.88)1.15 (0.39–3.41)1.31 (0.45–3.80)
Sex, %0.299
 Female80201 (reference)1.33 (0.85–2.07)1.82 (1.21–2.74)1.99 (1.05–3.77)2.36 (1.40–4.00)
 Male75481 (reference)1.09 (0.56–2.15)1.78 (0.99–3.20)2.09 (1.04–4.21)2.47 (1.34–4.55)
Race, %0.351
 Non-Hispanic White63331 (reference)1.23 (0.79–1.92)1.68 (1.16–2.43)2.05 (1.17–3.57)2.28 (1.45–3.60)
 Non-Hispanic Black32241 (reference)0.79 (0.36–1.70)1.50 (0.70–3.18)1.94 (0.79–4.77)1.53 (0.56–4.14)
 Other race60111 (reference)1.10 (0.62–1.94)1.91 (1.11–3.31)1.66 (0.84–3.28)3.02 (1.60–5.69)
Family PIR, %0.687
 ≤1.034091 (reference)1.75 (0.76–4.00)2.42 (1.14–5.18)3.02 (1.05–8.72)4.37 (1.90–10.04)
 1.1–3.065771 (reference)1.34 (0.78–2.30)1.84 (1.13–3.00)1.94 (1.14–3.33)2.56 (1.59–4.11)
 >3.055821 (reference)1.02 (0.62–1.67)1.54 (1.00–2.39)2.07 (1.13–3.80)1.88 (1.05–3.37)
Education level, %0.571
 Below high school37521 (reference)1.72 (0.66–4.47)3.10 (1.31–7.33)2.78 (1.00–7.73)4.34 (1.78–10.56)
 High school35281 (reference)0.92 (0.41–2.07)1.21 (0.59–2.49)1.19 (0.47–3.03)1.42 (0.67–3.01)
 Above high school82881 (reference)1.22 (0.77–1.93)1.75 (1.19–2.57)2.53 (1.48–4.32)2.47 (1.49–4.09)
Smoking status, %0.266
 Non-smokers87341 (reference)1.47 (0.88–2.46)2.29 (1.46–3.62)2.40 (1.28–4.51)3.61 (2.04–6.39)
 Former smokers38061 (reference)0.84 (0.40–1.73)1.17 (0.61–2.25)1.73 (0.78–3.85)1.63 (0.83–3.20)
 Current smokers30281 (reference)0.93 (0.47–1.83)1.23 (0.63–2.42)1.23 (0.43–3.49)1.41 (0.61–3.26)
Drinking status, %0.336
 Non-drinker20671 (reference)0.58 (0.20–1.74)1.50 (0.73–3.11)1.86 (0.66–5.24)1.95 (0.84–4.52)
 Low-to-moderate drinker20521 (reference)1.74 (0.51–5.94)2.40 (0.87–6.66)2.08 (0.63–6.81)2.70 (0.82–8.91)
 Heavy drinker11 4491 (reference)1.23 (0.82–1.87)1.72 (1.21–2.43)2.18 (1.31–3.63)2.52 (1.63–3.88)
Physical activity, %0.575
 Inactive40641 (reference)1.19 (0.48–2.97)1.47 (0.61–3.56)1.49 (0.55–4.05)2.24 (0.89–5.63)
 Insufficiently active48851 (reference)1.00 (0.48–2.11)2.06 (1.13–3.75)2.86 (1.37–5.97)2.69 (1.27–5.71)
 Active66191 (reference)1.27 (0.81–1.99)1.65 (1.10–2.49)2.08 (1.15–3.78)2.09 (1.24–3.51)
Serum calcium, mmol/L0.395
 Quartile 147171 (reference)2.10 (1.06–4.16)2.93 (1.59–5.41)2.85 (1.22–6.65)3.01 (1.35–6.70)
 Quartile 236381 (reference)1.20 (0.60–2.41)1.66 (0.90–3.05)2.01 (0.77–5.26)3.05 (1.34–6.94)
 Quartile 333611 (reference)0.57 (0.29–1.11)1.24 (0.71–2.17)1.63 (0.75–3.58)1.73 (0.80–3.72)
 Quartile 438521 (reference)1.24 (0.55–2.78)1.59 (0.86–2.95)1.98 (0.91–4.35)2.41 (1.27–4.57)
Serum phosphorus, mmol/L0.408
 Quartile 146351 (reference)1.16 (0.62–2.16)1.52 (0.89–2.60)1.52 (0.74–3.12)2.23 (1.15–4.35)
 Quartile 235431 (reference)1.76 (0.67–4.63)2.15 (0.82–5.65)4.16 (1.27–13.63)3.10 (1.00–9.60)
 Quartile 341311 (reference)1.48 (0.75–2.92)2.28 (1.20–4.36)2.24 (0.83–6.01)3.20 (1.32–7.75)
 Quartile 432591 (reference)0.53 (0.26–1.08)1.38 (0.77–2.48)1.63 (0.72–3.69)1.97 (1.02–3.83)
Urinary creatinine, mg/dL0.393
 Quartile 139131 (reference)1.58 (0.76–3.28)1.60 (0.85–3.03)2.19 (0.95–5.07)2.89 (1.31–6.39)
 Quartile 240381 (reference)1.04 (0.54–1.98)1.35 (0.80–2.28)1.69 (0.78–3.66)2.06 (1.09–3.87)
 Quartile 337501 (reference)1.83 (0.89–3.77)2.85 (1.45–5.59)2.85 (1.22–6.65)3.12 (1.60–6.08)
 Quartile 438671 (reference)0.68 (0.33–1.42)1.43 (0.77–2.64)1.80 (0.74–4.39)1.69 (0.78–3.67)

  • CKM, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PIR, poverty-to-income ratio.