Table 1

Baseline patient demographics and clinical characteristics stratified by travel distance quintiles from first imputed dataset

Travel distance quintile
12345
Distance (miles)2.09 (1.35 to 2.75)4.42 (3.91 to 5.00)7.08 (6.34 to 7.99)11.39 (10.11 to 12.74)22.42 (18.09 to 32.19)
Driving time (minutes)13 (9.3 to 17)20.45 (17 to 25)26.30 (21.98 to 31.13)34.10 (29.68 to 40.20)52.05 (42.68 to 66.83)
Number of patients13761376137613761376
Tertiary providers37 (97.37%)38 (100%)36 (94.74%)35 (92.11%)37 (97.37%)
Age mean (SD)69.71 (10.81)69.96 (10.71)69.66 (10.92)68.84 (11.01)68.58 (10.75)
Female sex762 (55.38%)768 (55.81%)729 (52.98%)722 (52.47%)734 (53.34%)
HFRS none647 (47.02%)620 (45.06%)614 (44.62%)666 (48.40%)676 (49.13%)
HFRS mild438 (31.83%)474 (34.45%)485 (35.25%)465 (33.79%)433 (31.47%)
HFRS moderate241 (17.51%)236 (17.15%)243 (17.66%)198 (14.39%)230 (16.72%)
HFRS severe50 (3.63%)46 (3.34%)34 (2.47%)47 (3.42%)37 (2.69%)
Infection present314 (22.82%)331 (24.06%)310 (22.53%)334 (24.27%)355 (25.80%)
Surgeon volume7 (3 to 13)7 (3 to 13)8 (3 to 15)8 (3 to 16)9 (4 to 17)
Hospital volume73 (60 to 87)74 (60 to 89)79 (63 to 97)79 (63 to 99)85 (68.75 to 112)
IMD score16.44 (8.73 to 28.67)14.30 (7.96 to 24.57)14.50 (8.47 to 21.36)14.83 (9.23 to 21.74)14.752 (8.78 to 21.45)
Year 2015/2016104 (7.56%)94 (6.83%)94 (6.83%)89 (6.47%)92 (6.69%)
Year 2016/2017383 (27.83%)354 (25.73%)348 (25.29%)338 (24.56%)353 (25.65%)
Year 2017/2018384 (27.91%)365 (26.53%)339 (24.64%)360 (26.16%)336 (24.42%)
Year 2018/2019269 (19.55%)325 (23.62%)347 (25.22%)354 (25.73%)339 (24.64%)
Year 2019/2020236 (17.15%)238 (17.30%)248 (18.02%)235 (17.08%)256 (18.60%)
  • HFRS, Hospital Frailty Risk Score; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.