Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients
| Characteristic | Total (n=476) | Survival (n=440) | Non-survival (n=36) | P value |
| Age (years) | 56.00±16.80 | 55.05±16.53 | 67.58±15.92 | <0.001* |
| Sex | 0.003* | |||
| Male | 339 (71.22) | 321 (72.95) | 18 (50.00) | |
| Female | 137 (28.78) | 119 (27.05) | 18 (50.00) | |
| BMI | 24.83±3.65 | 24.73±3.55 | 26.13±4.52 | 0.027* |
| Obesity | 152 (31.93) | 140 (31.82) | 12 (33.33) | 0.851 |
| ASA physical status class | 0.007* | |||
| II–III | 344 (72.27) | 325 (73.86) | 19 (52.78) | |
| IV–V | 132 (27.73) | 115 (26.14) | 17 (47.22) | |
| Underlying conditions | 184 (38.66) | 161 (36.59) | 23 (63.89) | 0.001* |
| CHD | 38 (7.98) | 30 (6.82) | 8 (22.22) | 0.003* |
| Hypertension | 113 (23.74) | 103 (23.41) | 10 (27.78) | 0.554 |
| Diabetes | 78 (16.39) | 66 (15.00) | 12 (33.33) | 0.004* |
| Renal dysfunction | 27 (5.67) | 25 (5.68) | 2 (5.56) | 1.000 |
| Preoperative SOFA | 3.00 (2.00–4.00) | 3.00 (2.00–4.00) | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) | 0.004* |
| Postoperative SOFA | 2.00 (1.00–3.00) | 2.00 (1.00–3.00) | 3.00 (2.00–4.25) | <0.001* |
| SOFA score difference | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 0.410 |
| Preoperative diagnosis | ||||
| Sepsis shock | 174 (36.55) | 153 (34.77) | 21 (58.33) | 0.005* |
| GI disease | 241 (50.63) | 218 (49.55) | 23 (63.89) | 0.098 |
| Biliary disease | 118 (24.79) | 115 (26.14) | 3 (8.33) | 0.017 |
| Pancreatic disease | 41 (8.61) | 38 (8.64) | 3 (8.33) | 1.000 |
| Trauma | 19 (3.99) | 18 (4.09) | 1 (2.78) | 1.000 |
| Other disease | 65 (13.66) | 58 (13.18) | 7 (19.44) | 0.424 |
| Malignancy | 59 (12.39) | 48 (10.91) | 11 (30.56) | 0.001* |
| Time from admission to surgery (hours) | 15.47 (3.70–124.89) | 13.25 (3.67–122.24) | 34.39 (4.66–167.15) | 0.231 |
| ICU admission after surgery | 302 (63.45) | 269 (61.14) | 33 (91.67) | <0.001* |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 4.32 (2.00–10.83) | 3.87 (1.94–9.95) | 9.62 (2.37–14.49) | 0.029* |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 15.00 (8.00–26.25) | 15.00 (8.00–26.25) | 19.50 (10.75–26.25) | 0.377 |
Data presented as n (%), mean±SD or median (IQR).
*P<0.05.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; GI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.