Table 3

Bayesian multilevel parameter estimates

Variable	Estimate	SE	aOR (95% CrI)
SD(Intercept)	0.48	0.07
Individual level
Intercept	−9.29	4.11	0 (0.0, 0.30)*
Age group
≤12	Ref
13–24	0.45	0.13	1.57 (1.22, 2.01)*
25–36	0.63	0.13	1.88 (1.46, 2.41)*
37–48	0.34	0.13	1.40 (1.09, 1.80)*
49–59	0.11	0.14	1.12 (0.84, 1.48)
Wealth status
Poor	Ref
Middle	0.02	0.13	1.02 (0.79, 1.31)
Rich	−0.42	0.14	0.66 (0.50, 0.87)*
Anaemia status
Severe	Ref
Moderate	−0.61	0.3	0.54 (0.30, 0.96)*
Mild	−1.01	0.3	0.36 (0.20, 0.64)*
Not anaemic	−1.1	0.3	0.33 (0.18, 0.64)*
Child sleeps under insecticide-treated net
No	Ref
Yes	−0.24	0.1	0.79 (0.65, 0.95)*
Ethnicity
Akan	Ref
Ga/Dangme	0.05	0.21	1.05 (0.69, 1.62)
Ewe	−0.08	0.16	0.92 (0.67, 1.26)
Guan	−0.65	0.34	0.52 (0.26, 1.02)
Mole-Dagbani	−0.35	0.17	0.70 (0.51, 0.98)*
Grusi	−0.59	0.28	0.55 (0.32, 0.93)*
Gurma	0.6	0.22	1.82 (1.19, 2.86)*
Mande	0.14	0.4	1.15 (0.53, 2.69)
Other	−0.11	0.29	0.90 (0.50, 1.58)
Cluster level
Built population	0.18	0.22	1.20 (0.77, 1.84)
Land surface temperature	0.03	0.04	1.03 (0.96, 1.12)
Log (rainfall)	2.86	1.16	17.46 (1.86, 167.34)*

Model ealuation statistics	Null model	Final model
Model ealuation statistics	Estimate (SE)	Estimate (SE)
Expected log-predictive density	−1835.796 (21.03)	−1800.7 (23.4)
Leave-one-out information criterion	3671.592 (42.05)	3601.3 (46.7)
Pareto k estimates	<0.5	<0.5