Baseline and within- and between-group differences at 6- and 12- month follow-ups; questionnaires
| Outcome (MCID) | Baseline, mean (SD) | Within-group difference (95% CI)* | Between-group difference (95% CI) * | |||
| 6 months | 12 months | 6 months | 12 months | |||
| EQ-5D-5L (0.03 to 0.05) | Active control | 0.84 (0.17) | 0.02 (–0.01 to 0.05) | −0.01 (–0.04 to 0.02) | 0.00 (–0.04 to 0.03 | 0.01 (–0.03 to 0.05) |
| MOTIVATE-T2D | 0.83 (0.14) | 0.01 (–0.01 to 0.04) | 0.00 (–0.03 to 0.02) | |||
| SF-12 | ||||||
| Physical outcome (3 to 5) | Active control | 46 (9) | 0 (–3 to 2) | −1 (–3 to 1) | 0 (–3 to 3) | 0 (–4 to 3) |
| MOTIVATE-T2D | 46 (10) | 0 (–2 to 2) | −1 (–3 to 1) | |||
| Mental (3 to 5) | Active control | 49 (9) | 2 (–1 to 5) | −1 (–4 to 3) | −2 (–6 to 2) | 4 (0 to 8) |
| MOTIVATE-T2D | 46 (12) | 0 (–2 to 3) | 3 (0 to 6) | |||
| DTSQs | ||||||
| Derived overall score | Active control | 23 (8) | 4 (2 to 6) | 3 (1 to 5) | 1 (–2 to 4) | −1 (–4 to 2) |
| MOTIVATE-T2D | 21 (8) | 5 (3 to 7) | 2 (0 to 4) | |||
| Burden of hyperglycaemia | Active control | 3 (2) | 0 (–1 to 0) | 0 (–1 to 0) | 0 (–1 to 0) | 0 (–1 to 1) |
| MOTIVATE-T2D | 2 (2) | −1 (–1 to 0) | 0 (–1 to 0) | |||
| Burden of hypoglycaemia | Active control | 1 (1) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (–1 to 0) | 0 (–1 to 0) | 0 (0 to 1) |
| MOTIVATE-T2D | 1 (1) | 0 (–1 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | |||
| DTSQc† | ||||||
| Derived overall score | Active control | 9 (6) | ||||
| MOTIVATE-T2D | 0 (6) | |||||
| Burden of hyperglycaemia | Active control | −0 (1) | ||||
| MOTIVATE-T2D | −0 (1) | |||||
| Burden of hypoglycaemia | Active control | −1 (1) | ||||
| MOTIVATE-T2D | −1 (1) | |||||
Where possible, minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) have been included; EQ-5D-5L between 0.03 and 0.05,65 SF-12 physical outcome component between 3 and 5,58 SF-12 mental component between 3 and 5.58
*Within and between-group differences adjusted for centre (UK or Canada), sex (male or female) and age (40–60 or 61–75 years).
†The DTSQc was conducted at 6-month follow-up only, and the data presented are mean and SD for this time point.
DTSQc, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire change version; DTSQs, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version; MOTIVATE-T2D, Mobile Health Biometrics to Enhance Exercise and Physical Activity Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes; SF-12, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey.