Patient demographics and clinical characteristics
| Variable | Total N=1197 | ||
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 794 (66.3) | |
| Female | 401 (33.5) | ||
| Unknown | 2 (0.2) | ||
| Age, years, mean (SD) (median) | 40.2 (14.2) (39.0) | ||
| Race, n (%) | Black | 558 (46.6) | |
| White | 315 (26.3) | ||
| Other* | 108 (9.0) | ||
| Unknown | 216 (18.1) | ||
| US region, n (%)† | Northeast | 744 (63.5) | |
| South | 301 (25.7) | ||
| Midwest | 117 (10.0) | ||
| West | 9 (0.8) | ||
| OA co-prescribed with index LAI, n (%) | 878 (73.4) | ||
| First-generation OA, n (%) | 524 (43.8) | ||
| Second-generation OA, n (%) | 570 (47.6) | ||
| Psychiatric comorbidity, n (%)‡ | Substance use disorder | 374 (31.2) | |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 334 (27.9) | ||
| Bipolar disorder | 150 (12.5) | ||
| Major depressive disorder | 71 (5.9) | ||
| Personality disorders | 71 (5.9) | ||
| Post-traumatic disorder | 23 (1.9) | ||
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 9 (0.8) | ||
| Dementia | 9 (0.8) | ||
| Delirium | 7 (0.6) | ||
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 5 (0.4) | ||
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 4 (0.3) | ||
| Amnesia | 1 (0.1) | ||
| CGI-S at admission§ | Median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | |
| Category, n (%) | 1–3 (normal to mildly ill) | 47 (5.3) | |
| 4–5 (moderately to markedly ill) | 541 (61.0) | ||
| 6–7 (severely to most ill) | 299 (33.7) | ||
| Number of unique OAs prescribed before the index, mean (SD) (median) | 1.4 (1.4) (1) | ||
| Year of LAI initiation/index date year, n (%) | 1999–2004 | 98 (8.2) | |
| 2005–2009 | 254 (21.2) | ||
| 2010–2014 | 517 (43.2) | ||
| 2015–2020 | 328 (27.4) | ||
| Index hospitalisation length of stay, days, median (IQR) | 10 (2–20) | ||
| Time from LAI initiation to discharge, days, median (IQR) | 3 (1–9) | ||
*Other races include American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander and other (unspecified).
†Region data missing for 26 patients.
‡Comorbidities are not mutually exclusive.
§The number of patients with CGI-S data was n=887.
CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; LAI, long-acting injectable antipsychotic; OA, oral antipsychotic.