Table 2

Engagement personas: participants were grouped by high and low levels of engagement according to their PHE-s and ACE scores (n=659)

Patient engagement level
(PHE-s)		Patient engagement level
(ACE measure)
High
(n=428)
(65%)		Low
(n=231)
(35%)		P valueHigh
(n=369)
(56%)		Low
(n=290)
(44%)		P value
Age groups (years)      
 <6596 (14.6)60 (9.1)105 (15.9)†51 (7.7)
 65–74144 (21.9)93 (14.1)0.040*122 (19.1)111 (17.4)0.005*
 ≥75188 (28.5)78 (11.8)‡123 (17.3)114 (18.4)
Male sex226 (34.3)†85 (12.9)< 0.001*165 (25.0)146 (22.2)0.151
Country      
 Eastern Europe58 (8.8)34 (5.2)54 (8.2)38 (5.8)
 Northern Europe230 (34.9)131 (19.9)0.546215 (32.6)†146 (22.2)0.034*
 Southern Europe140 (21.2)66 (10.0)100 (15.2)106 (16.1)‡
Educational attainment (n=640)      
 Primary62 (9.7)32 (5.0)38 (5.9)56 (8.8)‡
 Secondary§156 (24.4)†110 (17.2)0.029*141 (22.0)125 (19.5)<0.001*
 Degree level or above195 (30.5)†85 (13.3)176 (27.5)†104 (16.3)
Number of comorbidities (n=638)      
 ≤2198 (31.0)†77 (12.1)173 (26.3)†102 (15.5)
 3–5182 (28.5)115 (18.0)0.004*156 (24.5)141 (21.1)<0.001*
 >535 (5.5)31 (4.9)25 (3.9)41 (6.4)‡

  • *Statistically significant.

  • †Patient engagement is significantly greater than it is in the total sample.

  • ‡Patient engagement is significantly lower than that of the total sample.

  • §High school and Apprentice/Professional Training/Vocational Training were included in the ‘Secondary level’ education group.

  • ACE measure, Altarum Consumer Engagement Measure; PHE-s, Patient Health Engagement Scale.