Table 3

Differences in quality of life, medication adherence and perception of quality of life by PHE-s and ACE measure scores

Questionnaire
(median (IQR))		Patient engagement level
(PHE-s)		Patient engagement level
(ACE measure)
High
(n=428)		Low (n=231)P value**High
(n=369)		Low (n=290)P value**
Quality of life (EQ-5D-3L)
 Mobility1.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (1.0–2.0)†<0.001*1.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (1.0–2.0)†<0.001*
 Self-care1.0 (1.0–1.0)1.0 (1.0–2.0)†<0.001*1.0 (1.0–1.0)1.0 (1.0–2.0)†<0.001*
 Usual activities1.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (1.0–2.0)†<0.001*1.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (1.0–2.0)†<0.001*
 Pain/discomfort1.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (1.0–2.0)†<0.001*2.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (1.0–2.0)†0.023*
 Anxiety/depression1.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (2.0–2.0)†<0.001*1.0 (1.0–2.0)2.0 (1.0–2.0)†0.002*
 VAS74.0 (60.0–85.0)†50.0 (45.0–65.0)<0.001*70.0 (50.0–80.0)†60.0 (50.0–75.0)<0.001*
Medication adherence (MARS-5)24.0 (23.0–25.0)†24.0 (22.0–25.0)0.007*24.0 (22.0–25.0)24.0 (22.0–25.0)0.224
Perception of quality of care (HCCQ)5 (3.7–6.3)†4.0 (2.7–5.8)<0.001*5.0 (3.7–6.3)†4.2 (3.0–5.8)<0.001*

  • *Statistically significant.

  • **Mann‒Whitney U test was performed.

  • †Scale/subscale scores are significantly higher than those of the other group.

  • eVAS, visual analogue scale; HCCQ, Health Care Climate Questionnaire; MARS-5, Medication Adherence Report Scale; PHE-s, Patient Health Engagement Scale.