Table 1

The nature and duration of cough prior to diagnosis of RCC with the corresponding patient and disease characteristics

Study ID	Age of patient	Sex of patient	Description of cough	Duration of cough prior to diagnosis	Diagnosis
Alsamman19	Late 60s	Male	Persistent cough	Recent onset	4.3 cm tumour in the left kidney with no metastasis
Clark20	Early 80s	Male	Non-productive	2 weeks	Right kidney mass and thrombus in the right atrium
Custódio23	Late 40s	Male	Not stated	3 months	RCC kidney and adenocarcinoma lung
Estfan22	Mid-20s	Female	Persistent cough	3 months	RCC kidney and lung metastasis
Giffen25	Early 70s	Male	Persistent cough	3 months	Right kidney mass
Giffen25	Mid-50s	Female	Dry, persistent cough	6 months	Not stated
Giffen25	Mid-50s	Female	Not stated	3 months	Left kidney mass
Giffen25	Late 70s	Male	Persistent cough	Not stated	Right kidney mass
Giffen25	Late 70s	Male	Persistent cough	Not stated	Left kidney mass
Giffen25	Late 60s	Female	Persistent cough	Not stated	Left kidney mass
Giffen25	Mid-50s	Male	Dry, persistent cough	Not stated	Right kidney mass
Giffen25	Early 70s	Female	Dry, persistent cough	Not stated	Bilateral kidney masses
Hagen21	Late 30s	Male	Dry, persistent cough	2 years	Right RCC no metastasis
Li Fraine52	Mid-40s	Male	Persistent cough	Not stated	RCC kidney and cardiac metastasis
Mazouz34	Mid-50s	Male	Dry cough	6 months	Right kidney and second primary of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung
Mukherjee51	Mid-60s	Female	Persistent cough	2 months	Left RCC and endobronchial metastases
Okubo31	Mid-60s	Female	Obstinate cough	1 year	Left kidney mass, no metastasis
Patel24	Not stated	5 Males and 1 female	Not stated	3 months to a year	Five ccRCC, one unclassified, four no metastasis; two with metastasis
Sharma45	Mid-50s	Male	Dry cough	6 months	Left kidney RCC no metastasis
Singh44	Mid-80s	Female	Dry, persistent cough	2 months	Left kidney RCC metastasis to regional lymph nodes
Sullivan17	Early 60s	Female	Dry, persistent, except when sleeping	8 months	Right kidney ccRCC metastasis to lymph nodes and spine (L4)
Tatzel18	Late 60s	Female	‘Persistent, gradually worsening cough, which on occasion woke her from sleep’	3 months	Right kidney ccRCC no metastasis
Yang40	Late 20s	Male	Dry cough	4 months	Left kidney medullary carcinoma. Lung and liver metastases

ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma.