Patient characteristics
| N (%) or median (IQR) | ||||
| Total (N=256) | Brain death (N=56) | PAE (N=200) | P value | |
| Age, years | 63 (53–75) | 58 (45–65) | 65 (55–76) | <0.001 |
| Male | 167 (65.2) | 32 (57.1) | 135 (67.5) | 0.20 |
| OHCA | 214 (83.6) | 50 (89.3) | 164 (82.0) | 0.20 |
| Public place at CA | 129 (50.4) | 34 (60.7) | 95 (47.5) | 0.08 |
| Arrest witnessed/monitored | 199 (77.7) | 36 (64.3) | 163 (81.5) | 0.006 |
| Bystander CPR | 64 (25.0) | 13 (23.2) | 51 (25.5) | 0.70 |
| Shockable first recorded rhythm | 83 (32.4) | 9 (16.1) | 74 (37.0) | 0.003 |
| Total number of defibrillations before ROSC | 0 (0–2.0) | 0 (0–2.0) | 0 (0–2.3) | 0.053 |
| Use of epinephrine | 222 (86.7) | 49 (87.5) | 173 (86.5) | 0.80 |
| Total epinephrine dose before ROSC, mg | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.9–4.0) | 0.50 |
| Time from CA to CPR (no-flow), min | 5 (0–11) | 6 (2–15) | 5 (0–10) | 0.30 |
| Time from CA to ROSC (low-flow), min | 21 (15–30) | 26 (20–36) | 20 (15–30) | 0.006 |
| No-flow+low-flow, min (n=245) | 30 (20–40) | 36 (28–45) | 30 (20–37) | 0.001 |
| Cerebral oedema on initial CT scan (n=120) | 36/120 (30.0) | 18/32 (56.3) | 18/88 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Time to CT scan, hours after CA | 3 (2–11) | 3 (2–11) | 3 (2–4) | 0.4 |
| Lactate concentration on ICU admission, mmol/L | 5.7 (3.2–8.1) | 6.4 (4.8–9.4) | 5.4 (2.9–7.5) | 0.003 |
| Final identified cause of CA | <0.001 | |||
| Cardiac | 95 (37.1) | 15 (26.8) | 80 (40.0) | |
| Respiratory | 62 (24.4) | 11 (19.6) | 51 (25.5) | |
| Neurological | 17 (6.6) | 11 (19.6) | 6 (3.0) | |
| Hanging | 22 (8.6) | 9 (16.1) | 13 (6.5) | |
| Other | 60 (23.4) | 10 (17.9) | 50 (25.0) | |
| First temperature at admission, °C | 36.2 (36.0–37.0) | 36.0 (34.5–36.9) | 36.3 (35.1–37.2) | 0.11 |
| TTM | 213 (83.2) | 38 (67.9) | 175 (87.5) | <0.001 |
| Time to TTM target, hours after CA | 6 (3-7) | 5 (3-10) | 6 (3-9) | 0.9 |
| Duration of TTM, hours | 26 (20–31) | 25 (20–29) | 26 (20–32) | 0.40 |
| TTM>12 hours | 192 (75.0) | 34 (60.7) | 158 (79.0) | 0.005 |
| TTM≥24 hours | 139 (54.3) | 25 (44.6) | 114 (57.0) | 0.10 |
| 33°C | 110/139 (79.1) | 19/25 (76.0) | 91/114 (79.8) | 0.7 |
| 36°C | 29/139 (20.9) | 6/25 (24.0) | 23/114 (20.2) | 0.70 |
| Body temperature between days 1 and 2 after admission, °C | ||||
| Minimal | 33.0 (32.1–34.0) | 33.0 (31.9–34.5) | 33.0 (32.1–34.0) | 0.70 |
| Maximal | 37.0 (36.4–37.9) | 37.4 (36.7–38.0) | 37.0 (36.4–37.8) | 0.028 |
| PaCO2 between days 1 and 2 after admission, mm Hg | ||||
| Minimal | 29.0 (26.0–32.0) | 29.0 (26.5–35.0) | 29.0 (26.0–33.0) | 0.50 |
| Maximal | 45.0 (39.0–54.0) | 50.0 (42.0–59.0) | 44.0 (39.0–52.0) | 0.009 |
| Natraemia between days 1 and 2 after admission, mmol/L | ||||
| Minimal | 137.0 (134.8–140.0) | 138.0 (135.0–142.0) | 137.0 (134.0–140.0) | 0.078 |
| Maximal | 143.5 (139.0–146.0) | 145.0 (141.0–148.0) | 143.0 (139.0–144.0) | <0.001 |
| MAP between days 1 and 2 after admission, mm Hg | ||||
| Minimal | 59 (51–64) | 57 (50–62) | 59 (51–64) | 0.30 |
| Maximal | 114 (102–128) | 124 (106–141) | 113 (101–125) | 0.004 |
| Post-resuscitation shock | 188 (73.4) | 42 (75.0) | 146 (73.0) | 0.80 |
| Continued epinephrine use | 100 (39.1) | 26 (46.4) | 74 (37.0) | 0.20 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 37 (14.5) | 5 (8.9) | 32 (16.0) | 0.20 |
| Time between admission and death, days* | 6 (4–9) | 4 (2–5) | 7 (5–9) | <0.001 |
*Time between admission and death corresponds to the date of brain death diagnosis in BD patients.
CA, cardiac arrest; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ICU, intensive care unit; MAP, mean arterial pressure; OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; PaCO2, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PAE, postanoxic encephalopathy; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; TTM, targeted temperature management.