Interventions, primary outcome assessment and procedural pain scores for non-randomised studies of interventions
| Study and country | Pain score | Scale | P value | Timing of recorded pain score | ||
| Group 1* | Group 2† | During | After | |||
| Stewart et al,28 UK | Retrospective: first removal: Median pain 0 (0–2) Second removal: 0 (0–1) Prospective: single fraction: Median pain 0 (0–4) for (n=32) Two fractions: median pain 0 (0–5) for (n=28) | Retrospective: first removal: Median pain 7 (0–10) Second removal: 7 (0–10) Third removal: 3 (3–7) | Numerical Rating Scale (0–10) | first removal 0.002 second removal 0.003 | Retrospectively: during | Retrospectively: 1 hour after. Prospectively: immediately preprocedure and postprocedure and hourly after procedure |
| Nguyen et al,23 Australia | Unclear whether mean or median 3.6±0.2 | 0.9±0.1 | 10 cm VAS score before and after | <0.001 | During | |
| Huang et al,24 Australia | Median 3 (IQR 2–5) | Median 2 (IQR 1–3). | Verbal rating scale 0–10 | 0.01 | Immediately after | |
| Lee and Woo,27 Australia | Overall: median biopsy pain 3.0 (2.6–3.7), median biopsy pain for 11 patients with prior experience: 4.0 | Median biopsy pain 2.0 (11 patients) Significant difference in biopsy pain score | 10 cm VAS | 0.01 | During (measured 15 min postprocedure) | |
| Grummet et al,22 Australia | Median pain score 3 (2–5) | NA | Verbal rating scale 0–10 | During (measured immediately after) | ||
| Elterman et al,25 Canada | Mean 1.4±2.4 after insertion of device; mean 1.3±2.1 immediately following Rezum treatment | NA | 10 cm VAS | During (measured immediately after) | At discharge | |
| Debuka et al,26 UK | Mean score 3.9 | NA | 10 cm VAS | NR | NR | |
*Group 1—see table 1 for details of intervention group.
†Group 2—see table 1 for details of control group.
NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.