Descriptive statistics of complete study population with comparison of participants with and without PMI ≤30 days following TAVI
| Overall (n=548) | PMI (n=173) | No PMI (n=375) | P value | |
| Demographics, clinical characteristics and medications | ||||
| Age (year) | 80.6±6.7 | 81.2±6.5 | 80.4±6.7 | 0.149 |
| Male sex | 271 (50%) | 91 (53%) | 180 (48%) | 0.317 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3±4.6 | 26.6±4.8 | 26.2±4.5 | 0.410 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.85±0.21 | 1.86±0.21 | 1.84±0.21 | 0.259 |
| Study phases | <0.001 | |||
| Low volume | 192 (35%) | 88 (51%) | 104 (28%) | |
| High volume | 356 (65%) | 85 (49%) | 271 (72%) | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 71.0±13.0 | 70.0±15.0 | 72.0±12.0 | 0.124 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.694 | |||
| I–II | 257 (47%) | 79 (46%) | 178 (47%) | |
| III–IV | 291 (53%) | 94 (54%) | 197 (53%) | |
| Smoking | 248 (45%) | 78 (45%) | 170 (45%) | 0.957 |
| Chronic lung disease | 107 (20%) | 39 (23%) | 68 (18%) | 0.226 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 99 (18%) | 34 (20%) | 65 (17%) | 0.512 |
| Hypertension | 465 (85%) | 149 (86%) | 316 (84%) | 0.572 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 156 (29%) | 53 (31%) | 103 (28%) | 0.445 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 388 (71%) | 126 (73%) | 262 (70%) | 0.478 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 155 (28%) | 48 (28%) | 107 (29%) | 0.849 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 163 (30%) | 67 (39%) | 96 (26%) | 0.002 |
| Anti-hypertensive medication | 465 (85%) | 149 (86%) | 316 (84%) | 0.572 |
| Statin | 401 (73%) | 117 (68%) | 284 (76%) | 0.047 |
| Anti-coagulant | 160 (29%) | 67 (39%) | 93 (25%) | 0.001 |
| Anti-platelet | 361 (66%) | 109 (63%) | 252 (67%) | 0.315 |
| ECG characteristics | ||||
| Abnormal ECG | 313 (57%) | 117 (68%) | 196 (52%) | <0.001 |
| Sokolow-Lyon product (mV) | 2.9±1.0 | 2.8±1.1 | 2.9±1.0 | 0.320 |
| ECG LVH by Sokolow-Lyon | 146 (29%) | 44 (28%) | 102 (29%) | 0.809 |
| R amplitude in aVL (mm) | 8.7±4.8 | 8.4±4.7 | 8.8±4.8 | 0.431 |
| ECG LVH by R amplitude | 174 (32%) | 52 (30%) | 122 (33%) | 0.526 |
| ECG LVH by either R or Sokolow-Lyon | 250 (50%) | 73 (47%) | 177 (51%) | 0.366 |
| QRS complex duration (ms) | 104±22 | 106±24 | 102±22 | 0.075 |
| Right bundle branch block | 46 (8.4%) | 21 (12%) | 25 (7%) | 0.032 |
| Left bundle branch block | 50 (9.1%) | 20 (12%) | 30 (8.0%) | 0.178 |
| Bifascicular block | 10 (1.8%) | 2 (1.2%) | 8 (2.1%) | 0.427 |
| Echocardiography characteristics | ||||
| Basal septal hypertrophy | 227 (41%) | 65 (38%) | 162 (43%) | 0.214 |
| Asymmetric septal hypertrophy | 113 (21%) | 39 (23%) | 74 (20%) | 0.450 |
| LVH by Echo | 416 (76%) | 135 (78%) | 281 (75%) | 0.430 |
| LV mass (g) | 237.8±66.5 | 244.8±66.7 | 234.6±66.3 | 0.095 |
| LV mass indexed (g/m2) | 128.9±33.2 | 131.5±32.7 | 127.6±33.3 | 0.199 |
| Aortic root diameter (cm) | 3.28±0.39 | 3.36±0.39 | 3.25±0.39 | 0.002 |
| Annulus diameter (cm) | 2.08±0.18 | 2.09±0.16 | 2.08±0.18 | 0.435 |
| Mean pressure gradient (mm Hg) | 49.7±15.1 | 48.9±14.90 | 50.0±15.3 | 0.407 |
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 0.72±0.25 | 0.73±0.20 | 0.71±0.27 | 0.426 |
| Stroke volume indexed (ml/m2) | 42.4±11.6 | 42.8±10.1 | 42.3±12.2 | 0.587 |
| EF biplane Simpson method (%) | 57.0±10.0 | 56.9±9.3 | 57.0±10.6 | 0.880 |
Mean±SD or n (%).
ECG, electrocardiogram; EF, ejection fraction; LV, left ventricle; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PMI, permanent pacemaker implantation; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.