Comparison of patient characteristics according to the study phases
| Study phases | Low-volume (n=192) | High-volume (n=356) | P value |
| Age (year) | 81.8±6.2 | 80.0±6.8 | 0.002 |
| Sex | 0.597 | ||
| Female | 100 (52%) | 177 (50%) | |
| Male | 92 (48%) | 179 (50%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6±4.3 | 26.7±4.7 | 0.009 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.82±0.20 | 1.86±0.21 | 0.064 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 70±13 | 71±13 | 0.253 |
| Symptom severity | 0.585 | ||
| Mild symptoms | 87 (45%) | 170 (48%) | |
| Moderate–severe | 105 (55%) | 186 (52%) | |
| Smoking | 90 (47%) | 158 (44%) | 0.576 |
| Chronic lung disease | 35 (18%) | 72 (20%) | 0.574 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 43 (22%) | 56 (16%) | 0.053 |
| Hypertension | 176 (92%) | 289 (81%) | 0.001 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 70 (36%) | 86 (24%) | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 132 (69%) | 256 (72%) | 0.438 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 47 (24%) | 108 (30%) | 0.146 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 56 (29%) | 107 (30%) | 0.828 |
| Statin | 146 (76%) | 255 (72%) | 0.266 |
| Anti-coagulant | 54 (28%) | 106 (30%) | 0.685 |
| Death | 119 (62%) | 130 (37%) | <0.001 |
| PMI ≤30-days post-TAVI | 88 (46%) | 85 (24%) | <0.001 |
Mean±SD or n (%).
PMI, permanent pacemaker implantation; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.