Baseline characteristics of patients with MBM by first-line systemic therapy*†
| Nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n=246) | Anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n=112)‡ | BRAF/MEK inhibitors (n=114) | |
| Median age, years (range) | 61.0 (33.0–82.0) | 69.0 (29.0–92.0) | 62.0 (35.0–84.0) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 147 (60) | 57 (51) | 59 (52) |
| Female | 99 (40) | 55 (49) | 55 (48) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 213 (87) | 98 (88) | 105 (92) |
| Black | 22 (9) | 8 (7) | 6 (5) |
| Asian | 11 (4) | 4 (4) | 3 (3) |
| Other§ | 0 | 2 (2) | 0 |
| Median (range) number of brain lesions | 2.0 (1.0–10.0) | 3.0 (1.0–10.0) | 3.0 (1.0–10.0) |
| Mean (SD) size of largest brain metastatic site, mm | 8.3 (8.8) | 11.9 (10.2) | 12.7 (11.7) |
| ECOG PS, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 66 (27) | 9 (8) | 22 (19) |
| 1 | 100 (41) | 48 (43) | 49 (43) |
| 2 | 63 (26) | 40 (12) | 38 (33) |
| 3 | 15 (6) | 14 (3) | 5 (4) |
| 4 | 1 (<1) | 0 | 0 |
| Missing | 1 (<1) | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Serum LDH, n (%) | |||
| Normal | 107 (43) | 27 (24) | 31 (27) |
| 1–2 times ULN | 79 (32) | 63 (56) | 52 (46) |
| >2 times ULN | 60 (24) | 22 (20) | 31 (27) |
| BRAF status, n (%) | |||
| Wild-type | 159 (65) | 77 (69) | 0 |
| Mutant | 76 (31) | 23 (21) | 113 (99) |
| Missing | 11 (4) | 12 (11) | 1 (1) |
| Mean (SD) CCI scores¶ | 0.47 (0.73) | 1.10 (1.33) | 0.96 (1.37) |
| Steroid use, n (%) | |||
| None | 198 (80) | 86 (77) | 85 (75) |
| Started before index date** | 18 (7) | 15 (13) | 19 (17) |
| Other | 30 (12) | 11 (10) | 10 (9) |
| Radiation use, n (%) | |||
| None | 192 (78) | 80 (71) | 75 (66) |
| Concurrent | 43 (17) | 24 (21) | 34 (30) |
| Sequential | 11 (4) | 8 (7) | 5 (4) |
*Among 488 patients who were identified, 472 patients received first-line treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab, anti-PD-1 monotherapy or BRAF/MEK inhibitors and were included in the analysis. First-line systemic therapies used in 16 of the 488 patients who were not included in the analysis were dacarbazine (n=3), pegylated interferon alfa-2b (n=3), pembrolizumab plus other systemic therapy (n=3), temozolomide (n=3), paclitaxel (n=2), carboplatin (n=1), cisplatin (n=1), larotrectinib (n=1) and trametinib (n=1).
†Percentages may not add up to 100 because of rounding.
‡Nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy.
§American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
¶Higher scores indicate increased comorbidity burden.
**Start of first-line treatment in the metastatic setting.
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MBM, melanoma brain metastasis; PD-1, programmed death-1; ULN, upper limit of normal.