Baseline clinical characteristics of the study participants at EDs of AaBET, TASH and SPHMMC from June to September 2023 (n=422)
| Characteristics | Category | Setting N (%) | |||
| AaBET | SPHMMC | TASH | Total | ||
| Comorbidity | Yes | 78 (18.5%) | 93 (22%) | 151 (35.8%) | 322 (76.3%) |
| No | 76 (18%) | 13 (3.1%) | 11 (2.6%) | 100 (23.7%) | |
| Comorbidity types | Hypertension | 67 (21.3%) | 43 (13.7%) | 46 (14.6%) | 156 (49.5%) |
| Heart disease | 10 (3.2%) | 27 (8.6%) | 40 (12.7%) | 77 (24.4%) | |
| DM | 18 (5.7%) | 16 (5.1%) | 30 (9.5%) | 64 (20.3%) | |
| Cancer | 0 (0%) | 15 (4.8%) | 68 (21.6%) | 83 (26.3%) | |
| Asthma | 6 (1.9%) | 6 (1.9%) | 9 (2.9%) | 21 (6.7%) | |
| HIV | 4 (1.3%) | 10 (3.2%) | 17 (5.4%) | 31 (9.8%) | |
| CKD | 2 (0.6%) | 9 (2.9%) | 10 (3.2%) | 21 (6.7%) | |
| COPD | 1 (0.3%) | 6 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (2.2%) | |
| Other | 29 (6.9%) | 31 (7.3%) | 24 (5.7%) | 84 (19.9%) | |
| Admission diagnosis | Sepsis | 11 (2.6%) | 13 (3.1%) | 38 (9%) | 62 (14.7%) |
| Infectious disease | 6 (1.4%) | 18 (4.3%) | 57 (13.5%) | 81 (19.2) | |
| AKI | 0 (0)%) | 15 (3.6%) | 10 (2.4%) | 25 (5.9%) | |
| Acute heart failure | 1 (0.2%) | 11 (2.6%) | 13 (3.1%) | 25 (5.9%) | |
| Acute asthma | 3 (0.7%) | 6 (1.4%) | 2 (0.5%) | 11 (2.6%) | |
| Malignancy | 1 (0.2%) | 2 (0.5%) | 4 (0.9%) | 7 (1.7%) | |
| Acute COPD | 2 (0.5%) | 4 (0.9%) | 3 (0.7%) | 9 (2.1%) | |
| Trauma | 100 (23.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 100 (23.7%) | |
| Stroke | 22 (5.2%) | 14 (3.3%) | 5 (1.2%) | 41 (9.7%) | |
| Severe anaemia | 2 (0.5%) | 4 (0.9%) | 9 (2.1%) | 15 (3.6%) | |
| Electrolyte abnormality | 1 (0.2%) | 4 (0.9%) | 5 (1.2%) | 10 (2.4%) | |
| Others | 5 (1.2%) | 15 (3.6%) | 16 (3.8%) | 36 (8.5%) | |
| Length of ED stay | 1–7 days | 75 (17.8%) | 87 (20.6%) | 96 (22.7%) | 258 (61.1%) |
| 8–14 days | 40 (9.5%) | 19 (4.5%) | 45 (10.7%) | 104 (24.6%) | |
| ≥15 days | 39 (9.2%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (5%) | 60 (14.2%) | |
AaBET, Addis Ababa Burn Emergency and Trauma Hospital; AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; EDs, emergency departments; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SPHMMC, St. Paulos Hospital Millennium Medical College; TASH, Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital.