Table 2

Association between patient and regional characteristics and not having an outpatient visit during the 2 weeks before admission

Characteristics	No. (%)	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)	P value
All	18 499 (100)	ND	ND
Age
<20	3165 (17.1)	0.80 (0.69 to 0.92)	0.002
20–29	1560 (8.4)	1 (Reference)	ND
30–39	1912 (10.3)	0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)	0.80
40–49	3351 (18.1)	1.21 (1.07 to 1.37)	0.003
50–59	4441 (24.0)	1.23 (1.09 to 1.39)	0.001
≥60	4070 (22.0)	0.99 (0.87 to 1.12)	0.86
Gender
Female	7017 (37.9)	0.80 (0.74 to 0.87)	<0.001
Male	11 482 (62.1)	1 (Reference)	ND
Breadwinner status
No	7420 (40.1)	0.93 (0.84 to 1.04)	0.23
Yes	11 079 (59.9)	1 (Reference)	ND
No. of family members
1	5491 (29.7)	1 (Reference)	ND
2	5196 (28.1)	0.92 (0.84 to 1.01)	0.07
3	3539 (19.1)	0.96 (0.87 to 1.06)	0.44
4	3139 (17.0)	1.05 (0.94 to 1.17)	0.37
≥5	1134 (6.1)	1.16 (0.998 to 1.34)	0.05
Health expenditure in the previous year, mean (SD), Japanese yen†	553 276 (1,360,589)	0.9998 (0.9997 to 0.9998)	<0.001
Physician density
Q1 (lowest)	4561 (24.7)	1 (Reference)	ND
Q2	4612 (24.9)	0.96 (0.88 to 1.05)	0.37
Q3	4640 (25.1)	1.01 (0.93 to 1.11)	0.80
Q4 (highest)	4686 (25.3)	0.94 (0.86 to 1.02)	0.14
Regional average income
Q1 (lowest)	4624 (25.0)	1 (Reference)	ND
Q2	4109 (22.2)	1.01 (0.91 to 1.11)	0.91
Q3	5007 (27.1)	1.01 (0.91 to 1.13)	0.80
Q4 (highest)	4759 (25.7)	0.96 (0.85 to 1.08)	0.47
Population density
Q1 (lowest)	4535 (24.5)	1 (Reference)	ND
Q2	4680 (25.3)	0.99 (0.90 to 1.10)	0.92
Q3	4653 (25.2)	0.89 (0.79 to 0.99)	0.03
Q4 (highest)	4631 (25.0)	0.98 (0.87 to 1.12)	0.80

*Adjusted ORs are from a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for all the characteristics.
†As of 6 January 2022, US$1=116 Japanese yen.
ND, no data.