Capability | Knowledge /skills | Knowledge (about condition) | Education/training | Parent-directedIndividualised approach —options— online, face-to-face, one-to-one, groups Themed educational sessions on aspects of ABI impact, ‘how to’ guides e.g., Education Health Care Plan, where to go for help, looking after yourself, what to expect, what could happen Understand triggers for seeking help and how with different options— website, charities, nurse specialist/case manager, clinic Impairment related management strategies e.g., fatigue
School-directedTeacher education re: ABI and impact for return to school and ongoing education e.g., fatigue, cognitive impairments Peer training e.g., ‘ABI Ambassadors’ in schools, school to school support Link schools to sources of training and support e.g., charities, local authority and community health training teams ‘Friends don’t understand’ C—YP peer awareness sessions
Professional-directed
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| | Procedural knowledge |
| | Skills /skills development |
| | Ability /competence |
Opportunity | Social influences | Social support | Peer support opportunities (whole family) | Whole family
Parent-directedParent support groups (options — local, online, face-to-face, individual, group, therapeutic)
Professional-directed
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| Environmental context and resources | Resources /material resources | Digital resources | Support parents/professionals with advocacyRegional ‘hub’ —website —co-develop with parents Information for parents, professionals, schools Information/signposting to sources of support e.g., charities, local authority services, SENCOs etc. Idea sharing — e.g, accessible activities – families able to add to Videos/quotes from other parents Educational sections — see education/training theme Timing of accessing information —need to be able to access when need it, even years after
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| | | Practical resources |
Financial support —eg, help with benefits Support with return to school (eg, case manager) Point of contact and know who can help e.g., specialist nurse/case manager/charities 1:1 support to access activities (for CYP) e.g., support worker ‘Disability passport’ — individualised working document —needs and strategies
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| | | Clinical service provision |
Routine check-ups for CYP and parent —4/8 weeks, 3/6/9/12 months with team (prevent getting lost) Re-access options —need ways back in when need it Goal setting —reviews and encouragement
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| | | School support | Return to school pathwayNeed for a plan —it’s complex and need to reduce delays Multi-disciplinary team meetings to share information and signpost to support Special Educational Needs (SEN) Team involvement/Special Educational Needs Register ‘Reasonable adjustments’. e.g., phased return, small groups, reduced timetable Support with Education Health Care Plan process (see Communication) Importance of time with friends — restoring friendships CYP voiced wanting to be ‘treated as equal’
Transitions
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| | Person × environment interaction | Communication strategies |
Social media —educational links/signposting to charities/accessible activities Central point of access/contact — case manager/key worker role Website — easy to find information —all in one place Multi-agency meetings involving parents regarding return to school and transitions Signposting — professional responsibility to signpost/safety net parents/resources for professionals
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Motivation | Beliefs about capabilities | Self-confidence | Confidence building (CYP) |
Recognition of needs and that going back to school is hard Strategies to support — CYP know plan, small groups, phased Support from parents, siblings, school staff, peers
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| Goals | Goal/target setting | Goal setting |
Independence is important (CYP) Sports and activities — restrictions because of diagnosis but need to ‘focus on what can do’ (CYP) Need help to set goals and encouragement to follow them (CYP)
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| Emotion | Affect | Emotional support |
Individualised approach —options important (1:1, peers, online, informal groups) Access to counselling — flexible timing e.g., in hospital, may not be ready until years after Post traumatic stress disorder support Targeted support for different family members CYP support — emotional strategies — how to cope (CYP) Sibling support —flexible timing Family support worker (charity provided)
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