Table 2

Workshop findings mapped to COM-B/TDF

TDF domainTDF constructThemeWorkshop participant comments
CapabilityKnowledge
/skills
Knowledge (about condition)Education/trainingParent-directed
  • Individualised approach —options— online, face-to-face, one-to-one, groups

  • Themed educational sessions on aspects of ABI impact, ‘how to’ guides e.g., Education Health Care Plan, where to go for help, looking after yourself, what to expect, what could happen

  • Understand triggers for seeking help and how with different options— website, charities, nurse specialist/case manager, clinic

  • Impairment related management strategies e.g., fatigue


School-directed
  • Teacher education re: ABI and impact for return to school and ongoing education e.g., fatigue, cognitive impairments

  • Peer training e.g., ‘ABI Ambassadors’ in schools, school to school support

  • Link schools to sources of training and support e.g., charities, local authority and community health training teams

  • ‘Friends don’t understand’ C—YP peer awareness sessions


Professional-directed
  • Professional education days

  • Educate primary care —so General Practitioners know where to go for help

Procedural knowledge
Skills
/skills development
Ability
/competence
OpportunitySocial influencesSocial supportPeer support opportunities (whole family)Whole family
  • Family fun/support days

  • Social opportunities for CYP and siblings —shared activities


Parent-directed
  • Parent support groups (options — local, online, face-to-face, individual, group, therapeutic)


Professional-directed
  • Peer support/networks (health/education/social care/charity)

Environmental context and resourcesResources
/material resources
Digital resourcesSupport parents/professionals with advocacy
  • Regional ‘hub’ —website —co-develop with parents

  • Information for parents, professionals, schools

  • Information/signposting to sources of support e.g., charities, local authority services, SENCOs etc.

  • Idea sharing — e.g, accessible activities – families able to add to

  • Videos/quotes from other parents

  • Educational sections — see education/training theme

  • Timing of accessing information —need to be able to access when need it, even years after

Practical resources
  • Financial support —eg, help with benefits

  • Support with return to school (eg, case manager)

  • Point of contact and know who can help e.g., specialist nurse/case manager/charities

  • 1:1 support to access activities (for CYP) e.g., support worker

  • ‘Disability passport’ — individualised working document —needs and strategies

Clinical service provision
  • Routine check-ups for CYP and parent —4/8 weeks, 3/6/9/12 months with team (prevent getting lost)

  • Re-access options —need ways back in when need it

  • Goal setting —reviews and encouragement

School supportReturn to school pathway
  • Need for a plan —it’s complex and need to reduce delays

  • Multi-disciplinary team meetings to share information and signpost to support

  • Special Educational Needs (SEN) Team involvement/Special Educational Needs Register

  • ‘Reasonable adjustments’. e.g., phased return, small groups, reduced timetable

  • Support with Education Health Care Plan process (see Communication)

  • Importance of time with friends — restoring friendships

  • CYP voiced wanting to be ‘treated as equal’


Transitions
  • MDT meetings -—importance of communication and early planning including SEN Team

Person × environment interactionCommunication strategies
  • Social media —educational links/signposting to charities/accessible activities

  • Central point of access/contact — case manager/key worker role

  • Website — easy to find information —all in one place

  • Multi-agency meetings involving parents regarding return to school and transitions

  • Signposting — professional responsibility to signpost/safety net parents/resources for professionals

MotivationBeliefs about capabilitiesSelf-confidenceConfidence building (CYP)
  • Recognition of needs and that going back to school is hard

  • Strategies to support — CYP know plan, small groups, phased

  • Support from parents, siblings, school staff, peers

GoalsGoal/target settingGoal setting
  • Independence is important (CYP)

  • Sports and activities — restrictions because of diagnosis but need to ‘focus on what can do’ (CYP)

  • Need help to set goals and encouragement to follow them (CYP)

EmotionAffectEmotional support
  • Individualised approach —options important (1:1, peers, online, informal groups)

  • Access to counselling — flexible timing e.g., in hospital, may not be ready until years after

  • Post traumatic stress disorder support

  • Targeted support for different family members

  • CYP support — emotional strategies — how to cope (CYP)

  • Sibling support —flexible timing

  • Family support worker (charity provided)

  • ABI, acquired brain injury; CYP, children and young people; MDT, multidisciplinary team; SENCOs, Special Educational Needs Co-Ordinators; TDF, Theoretical Domains Framework.