Table 1

BCW components and definitions36

COM-B components (for any Behaviour to occur there must be Capability, Opportunity and Motivation to do it)TDF domains (integrative framework synthesising key theoretical constructs)BCW intervention functions (broad categories of means by which an intervention can change behaviour)BCW policy options (types of decisions made by authorities that help to support and enact the interventions)BCT Taxonomy Groups (16 groups containing 93 BCTs) (active component of an intervention designed to change behaviour)
CapabilityPsychological
  • Knowledge

  • Skills

  • Memory, attention and decision processes

  • Behavioural regulation

  • Education

  • Persuasion

  • Incentivisation

  • Coercion

  • Training

  • Enablement

  • Modelling

  • Environmental Restructuring

  • Restrictions

  • Guidelines

  • Environmental/social planning

  • Communication/marketing

  • Legislation

  • Service provision

  • Regulation

  • Fiscal measures

  • Goals and planning

  • Feedback and monitoring

  • Social support

  • Shaping knowledge

  • Natural consequences

  • Comparison of behaviour

  • Associations

  • Repetition and substitution

  • Comparison of outcomes

  • Reward and threat

  • Regulation

  • Antecedents

  • Identity

  • Scheduled consequences

  • Self-belief

  • Covert learning

Physical
  • Skills

OpportunitySocial
  • Social influences

Physical
  • Environmental context and resources

MotivationReflective
  • Social/professional role and identity

  • Beliefs about capabilities

  • Optimism

  • Beliefs about consequences Intentions

  • Goals

Automatic
  • Social/professional role and identity

  • Optimism

  • Reinforcement

  • Emotion

  • BCT, Behaviour Change Technique; BCW, Behaviour Change Wheel; TDF, Theoretical Domains Framework.