Table 3

Demographic characteristics of parents

Variable	Total (n=95)		Intervention (n=53)		Control (n=42)		Mixed-effect model
Variable	N (mean)	% (SD)	N (mean)	% (SD)	N (mean)	% (SD)	B/OR	P value
Age (years, 21–48)	30.42	5.73	30.74	6.11	30.02	5.27	0.98	0.440
Sex							1.02	0.938
Female	87	91.6	48	90.6	39	92.9
Male	7	7.4	4	7.5	3	7.1
Other	1	1.1	1	1.9	0	0
Ethnicity							1.03	0.828
Hispanic	8	8.4	3	5.7	5	11.9
Non-Hispanic	87	91.6	50	94.3	37	88.1
Race							1.38	0.071
White	44	46.3	18	34	26	61.9
Black	35	36.8	23	43.4	12	28.6
Mixed race	9	9.5	6	11.3	3	7.1
Other	7	7.4	6	11.3	1	2.4
Marital status							0.89	0.411
Married/Partnered	36	37.9	23	43.4	13	31
Separated/Widowed	5	5.3	3	5.7	2	4.8
Single	54	56.8	27	50.9	27	64.3
Annual family income (US$)							1.19	0.305
<20 000	63	66.3	32	60.4	31	73.8
20 000–29 999	15	15.8	8	15.1	7	16.7
30 000–49 999	16	16.8	13	24.5	3	7.1
≥50 000	1	1.1	0	0	1	2.4
Employment status							1.01	0.932
Full-time	23	24.2	13	24.5	10	23.8
Part-time	25	26.3	13	24.5	12	28.6
No	47	49.5	27	50	20	47.6
Education level							1.05	0.743
<High school	15	15.8	9	17	6	14.3
High school	40	42.1	22	41.5	18	42.9
Some college	29	30.5	13	24.5	16	38.1
Technical/Community college	10	10.5	8	15.1	2	4.8
Bachelor’s degree	1	1.1	1	1.9	0	0
Number of children							0.90	0.428
One child	18	19.2	10	18.9	8	19.5
Two children	30	31.9	17	32.1	13	31.7
Three children	22	23.4	13	24.5	9	22
Four children	13	13.8	8	15.1	5	12.2
≥Five children	11	11.7	5	9.4	6	14.6
Missing	1	1.1	0	0	1	2.4