Research output by country 2012–2017 as evaluated from publications and patents
| Total number of publications | Total number of authors | Total number of citations | Number of citations per publication (n) | Proportion of publications in high-impact factor journals (%) | Number of patent applications related to clinical trials | |
| USA | 51 574 | 92 064 | 533 973 | 10.4 | 8.3 | 6888 |
| UK | 10 579 | 14 920 | 125 172 | 11.8 | 7.5 | 729 |
| France | 9132 | 15 091 | 101 283 | 11.1 | 7.4 | 525 |
| Germany | 13 580 | 19 163 | 129 984 | 9.8 | 5.9 | 1037 |
| Italy | 11 143 | 18 741 | 97 554 | 8.8 | 5.0 | 311 |
| Spain | 5361 | 10 162 | 57 388 | 10.7 | 6.5 | 166 |