Table 2

Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis of predictors towards accessibility of sanitation facilities in Ethiopia, EDHS 2011

VariablesModel 0 (null model)Model 1
AOR (95% CI)
Model 2
AOR (95% CI)
Model 3
AOR (95% CI)
Individual-level factors
Sex of HHH
Male0.97 (0.82, 1.04)1.01 (0.84,1.11)
Female111
Age of HHH
<300.97 (0.94,1.01)0.96 (0.20, 2.34)
30–400.57 (0.35, 2.02)1.49 (0.13, 2.41)
41–540.43 (0.22, 0.61)1.17 (0.86, 1.59)
>54111
Educational status
No education11
Primary3.23 (2.63, 3.96)**2.43 (2.00, 2.95)**
Secondary6.36 (5.26, 7.67)**2.02 (1.61, 2.54)**
Higher8.11 (7.16, 9.19)*4.12 (3.35, 7.54)**
Wealth index
Poor11
Middle2.96 (2.34, 4.24)**1.49 (1.21, 1.83)**
Rich5.48 (3.45, 5.89)**3.15 (2.55, 3.89)**
Having television
No11
Yes4.81 (4.16, 5.56)**5.49 (4.37, 6.89)**
Community-level factors
Community-level education
Higher6.50 (5.82, 7.27)**3.90 (3.15, 4.82)**
Lower11
Community-level media exposure
Exposed6.07 (5.42, 6.81)**5.61 (3.84, 10.09)**
Unexposed11
Type of residence
Urban16.74 (11.85, 23.65)**9.08 (6.69, 12.33)**
Rural11
Region
Tigray0.50 (0.41, 0.62)**0.46 (0.37, 0.57)**
Afar0.86 (0.67,1.09)0.67 (0.51, 0.86)*
Amhara0.43 (0.35, 0.53)**0.40 (0.32,0.49)**
Oromia0.89 (0.72, 1.09)0.90 (0.73, 1.12)
SNNRP0.25 (0.20, 0.31)*0.28 (0.22, 0.34)**
Somali0.33 (0.26, 0.41)**0.23 (0.18, 0.29)**
Benishangul Gumuz0.74 (0.59, 0.94)*0.63 (0.49, 0.80)**
Gambella0.51 (0.41, 0.64)**0.45 (0.35, 0.57)**
Harari0.64 (0.52, 0.80)**
Addis Ababa11
Dire Dawa0.25 (0.21, 0.31)**0.28 (0.22, 0.35)**
VIF2.352.272.05
  • 1= reference.

  • **P value < 0.001(Adjusted OR), *P value < 0.05(Adjusted OR).

  • Model 1 is adjusted for individuallevel variables. Model 2 is adjusted for community-level variables; Model 3 is the final model adjusted for both individual- and community-level predictors.

  • AOR, adjusted OR; EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; HHH, household head; VIF, variance inflation factor.