General study characteristics (n=39 articles)
| Characteristic | N (%) |
| Location | |
| USA | 7 (18) |
| Haiti | 32 (82) |
| Dominican Republic | 2 (5) |
| Other* | 7 (18) |
| Sample size | |
| <50 | 5 (13) |
| 50–300 | 12 (31) |
| >300 | 19 (49) |
| Other† | 2 (5) |
| Not specified | 1 (3) |
| Gender included | |
| Male | 14 (36) |
| Female | 23 (59) |
| Not specified | 2 (5) |
| Age of participants | |
| Adolescents (<18) | 9 (23) |
| Adults (≥18) | 32 (82) |
| Not specified | 4 (10) |
| Intervention type | |
| HIV prevention | 14 (36) |
| HIV treatment | 23 (59) |
| HIV prevention and treatment | 2 (5) |
| Method of recruitment | |
| Clinic patients | 29 (74) |
| Other‡ | 12 (31) |
| Not specified | 2 (39) |
Note: some categories add up to more than the total (n=39) due to addressing multiple levels within a construct.
*Countries including: Argentina, Eswatini, Botswana Brazil, China, Côte d'Ivoire, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Peru, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
†Articles discussed clinic sites (n=9 and n=415 clinics).
‡Phone, social marketing campaign, passive recruitment at meetings/parks/bus stops and door-to-door.