Table 1

Characteristics of included studies

StudyStudy durationCountrySample sizeRegionStudy designCriteriaScreening
Alfadhli et al, 2015322011–2014Saudi Arabia954Middle EastCohortIADPSGUniversal
Bashir et al, 2020332015–2016Qatar2221Middle EastCohortIADPSGUniversal
Capula et al, 2013342010–2012Italy2448EuropeCohortIADPSGUniversal
Carvalho et al, 2023352020–2020Brazil1618South AmericaCross-sectionalIADPSGUniversal
Darbandi et al, 2022262018–2018Iran3675AsiaCross-sectionalNon-IADPSG (CC)Universal
Djelmis et al, 2016362012–2014Croatia4646EuropeCohortIADPSGUniversal
Erjavec et al, 2016302010–2010Croatia42 656EuropeCross-sectionalNon-IADPSG (WHO-1999)Universal
Erjavec et al, 2016302014–2014Croatia39 092EuropeCross-sectionalIADPSGUniversal
He et al, 2023372012–2021China115 097AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Hiersch et al, 2019282012–2016Canada266 942North AmericaCohortNon-IADPSG (CDA)Universal
Hiersch et al, 2019282012–2016Canada3901North AmericaCohortNon-IADPSG (CDA)Universal
Hirst et al, 2012382010–2011Vietnam2772AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Kawasaki et al, 2023392015–2019Japan1807AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Kim et al, 2019272014–2016Korea1907AsiaCohortNon-IADPSG (CC)Universal
Kim et al, 2019272014–2016Korea1969AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Laafira et al, 2016402011–2014Australia3105AustraliaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Li et al, 2014412011–2011China54 275AsiaCross-sectionalIADPSGUniversal
Lin et al, 2022422012–2020China2151AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Mak et al, 2019432015–2015China1901AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Mei et al, 2021442016–2018China333AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Muche et al, 2020452018–2019Ethiopia694AfricaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Muche et al, 2020462018–2019Ethiopia684AfricaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Nguyen et al, 2020292015–2016Vietnam2030AsiaCohortNon-IADPSG (ADA-2014)Universal
Pan et al, 2015472010–2012China17 808AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Punnose et al, 2022482011–2017India2638AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Ronco et al, 2023492010–2020Italy2364EuropeCohortIADPSGUniversal
Wahabi et al, 2017502013–2015Saudi Arabia9723Middle EastCohortIADPSGUniversal
Wan et al, 2019A312010–2013Australia3419AustraliaCohortNon-IADPSG (ADIPS)Universal
Wan et al, 2019B312010–2013Australia28 594AustraliaCohortNon-IADPSG (ADIPS)Universal
Wang et al, 2021522012–2013China8844AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Wang et al, 2023512018–2020China2031AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Yang et al, 2018552011–2015China1232AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Yue et al, 2022532016–2018Vietnam4703AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal
Zou et al, 2022542016–2018China4121AsiaCohortIADPSGUniversal

  • ADA, American Diabetes Association; ADIPS, Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society; CC, Carpenter-Coustan; CDA, Canadian Diabetes Association; IADPSG, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups.