Odds of PRISm and variable obstruction based on eGFR and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in the entire cohort
| PRISm* | Variable obstruction† | |||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| eGFR‡ | 1.00 (1.00,1.01) | 0.30 | 1.00 (1.00,1.01) | 0.28 | 1.00 (0.99,1.00) | 0.31 | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.11 |
| UACR‡ | 1.24 (1.14,1.36) | <0.0001 | 1.10 (1.01,1.21) | 0.03 | 0.97 (0.84,1.12) | 0.70 | 0.95 (0.81,1.12) | 0.55 |
| UACR<30 | reference | |||||||
| UACR 30–300 | 1.80 (1.42,2.29) | <0.0001 | 1.33 (1.01,1.76) | 0.05 | 1.21 (0.79,1.85) | 0.36 | 1.23 (0.79,1.91) | 0.35 |
| UACR>300 | 3.01 (1.68,5.41) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.01,3.42) | 0.05 | 1.83 (0.47,7.16) | 0.37 | 1.94 (0.47,8.03) | 0.35 |
| eGFR>60 | reference | |||||||
| eGFR<60 | 1.23 (0.85,1.79) | 0.26 | 1.11 (0.78,1.58) | 0.56 | 1.62 (1.03,2.56) | 0.04 | 1.72 (1.07,2.74) | 0.03 |
Model 1: adjusted by age, sex, ethnicity, education, annual household income; Model 2: adjusted by model 1+BMI, hypertension, smoking, cardiovascular disease.
Bold values denote statistical significance (p < 0.05)
*PRISm was defined as FEV1<80% predicted and FEV1/FVC≥0.7.
†Variable obstruction was defined as prebronchodialator FEV1/FVC<0.7 and postbronchodialator FEV1/FVC≥0.7.
‡As continuous variable.
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; PRISm, preserved ratio impaired spirometry.