PubMed search strategy
| 1 | Opioid(tiab) |
| 2 | Analgesic, Opioid/ |
| 3 | Alfentanil/ |
| 4 | Buprenorphine/ |
| 5 | Butorphanol/ |
| 6 | Codeine/ |
| 7 | Dextropropoxyphene/ |
| 8 | Fentanyl/ |
| 9 | Hydrocodone/ |
| 10 | Hydromorphone/ |
| 11 | Meperidine/ |
| 12 | Methadone/ |
| 13 | Morphine/ |
| 14 | Morphine Derivatives/ |
| 15 | Nalbuphine/ |
| 16 | Oxycodone/ |
| 17 | Pentazocine/ |
| 18 | Pirinitramide/ |
| 19 | Remifentanil/ |
| 20 | Sufentanil/ |
| 21 | OR/1–20 (Opioid related terms) |
| 22 | free(tiab)) |
| 23 | ‘opioid free’(tiab) |
| 24 | ‘opioid less’(tiab) |
| 25 | ‘Opioid spar*’ |
| 26 | OR/22–25 (opioid regime related term) |
| 27 | 21 AND 26 |
| 28 | Adaptive Clinical Trial/ |
| 29 | Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic/ |
| 30 | Controlled Clinical Trial/ |
| 31 | Pragmatic Clinical Trial/ |
| 32 | Pragmatic Clinical Trial as Topic/ |
| 33 | Trials, Randomised Clinical/ |
| 34 | Randomised Controlled Trials as Topic/ |
| 35 | quasirandom*.mp. |
| 36 | randomi*.mp. |
| 37 | semiquantitative.mp. |
| 38 | OR/28–37(Randomised Controlled Trials & related terms) |
| 39 | (animal or animals or ape or apes or baboon or baboons or bat or bats or bird or birds or boar or boars or bonobo or bonobos or bovine or camel or camels or canine or canines or cat or cats or cattle or chicken or chickens or chimpanzee or chimpanzees or dog or dogs or dromedary or dromedaries or duck or ducks or equine or equines or feline or felines or ferret or ferrets or frog or frogs or fowl or fowls or goat or goats or hare or hares or hen or hens or horse or horses or lamb or lambs or livestock or macaque or macaques or mandrill or mandrills or mice or mink or minks or monkey or monkeys or mouse or murine or pig or pigs or piglet or piglets or poultry or porcine or orangutan or orangutans or rabbit or rabbits or rat or rats or rodent or rodents or sheep or swine or tamarin or tamarins or tiger or tigers or veterinary or veterinarian or veterinarians or waterfowl or waterfowls or weasel or weasels or veterinar*).ti. or (veterinar* or fish or shellfish).jw. |
| 40 | (adolescence or adolescent or adolescents or babies or baby or boy or boys or child or childhood or children or childrens or children’s or fetus or fetal or fetus or foetal or girl or girls or infancy or infant or infants or neonatal or neonatally or neonate or neonates or newborn or newborns or paediatric or paediatrician or paediatricians or paediatrics or paediatric or paediatrician or paediatricians or paediatrics or teen or teenage or teenagers or teens or toddler or toddlers or youth or youths).ti,jw. |
| 41 | 38 NOT 39 NOT 40 |