Linear mixed model regression coefficients (95% CI) for the association between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in women per 1 SD body height by educational level and survey in The Tromsø Study (1979–2016)
| Tromsø2 1979–1980 | Tromsø3 1986–1987 | Tromsø4 1994–1995 | Tromsø5 2001 | Tromsø6 2007–2008 | Tromsø7 2015–2016 | P value | |
| Primary education (n=11 421) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=11 421) | 0.17 (−0.5, 0.8) | −0.51 (−1.2, 0.1) | −0.33 (−1.0, 0.3) | −1.02 (−1.9, −0.2) | −1.28 (−2.1, −0.5) | −1.32 (−2.1, −0.5) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=11 421) | −0.07 (−0.5, 0.3) | −0.49 (−0.9, −0.1) | −0.33 (–0.7, 0.1) | −0.27 (−0.8, 0.2) | 0.18 (−0.3, 0.6) | 0.19 (−0.3, 0.6) | 0.515 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=11 383) | −0.16 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.16 (–0.2, −0.1) | −0.17 (–0.2, −0.1) | −0.04 (–0.1, 0.0) | 0.06 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.00 (−0.0, 0.1) | 0.000 |
| HDL cholesterol (n=11 374) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.00 (–0.0, 0.0) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.03 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.02 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.137 |
| Triglycerides (n=11 382) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, –0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.05 (−0.1, −0.0) | 0.445 |
| Upper secondary education (n=7930) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=7930) | −0.41 (−1.4, 0.5) | −0.24 (−1.1, 0.6) | −0.77 (–1.5, –0.1) | −0.78 (–1.9, 0.4) | −0.88 (−1.7, −0.0) | −1.86 (−2.7, −1.1) | 0.021 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=7930) | −0.01 (−0.6, 0.6) | −0.42 (−0.9, 0.1) | −0.71 (−1.1, −0.3) | −0.91 (−1.6, −0.2) | 0.37 (−0.1, 0.9) | −0.35 (−0.8, 0.1) | 0.397 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=7920) | −0.14 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.12 (−0.2, –0.1) | −0.13 (−0.2, –0.1) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.1) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.08 (−0.1, –0.0) | 0.116 |
| HDL cholesterol (n=7916) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.02 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.02 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.761 |
| Triglycerides (n=7919) | −0.04 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.05 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.01 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.08 (−0.1, −0.0) | 0.134 |
| Short tertiary education (n=4170) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=4170) | 0.36 (−1.1, 1.8) | −0.33 (−1.8, 0.8) | −1.00 (−2.0, −0.0) | −0.13 (−1.8, 1.5) | −1.05 (−2.3, 0.2) | −0.60 (−1.5, 0.4) | 0.201 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=4170) | −0.34 (–1.2, 0.5) | −0.66 (−1.3, 0.3) | −1.00 (–1.6,–0.4) | −0.03 (–1.0, 0.9) | 0.40 (–0.4, 1.2) | 0.21 (−0.4, 0.8) | 0.309 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=4163) | −0.10 (−0.2, −0.0) | −0.16 (−0.2, –0.1) | −0.20 (–0.3, –0.1) | −0.05 (−0.2, 0.1) | −0.08 (−0.2, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.355 |
| HDL cholesterol (n=4161) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.00 (–0.0, 0.0) | 0.03 (–0.0, 0.1) | 0.02 (–0.0, 0.1) | 0.02 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.438 |
| Triglycerides (n=4162) | −0.07 (−0.1, –0.0) | −0.05 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.183 |
| Long tertiary education (n=6242) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=6242) | 1.22 (−0.4, 2.8) | 0.96 (−0.2, 2.1) | −0.04 (−0.9, 0.9) | −0.20 (−1.5, 1.1) | −1.48 (–2.5, −0.4) | −1.31 (−2.0, −0.7) | 0.002 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=6242) | 0.80 (−0.1, 1.8) | −0.25 (−0.9, 0.4) | −0.57 (−1.1, −0.0) | −0.52 (−1.3, 0.3) | −0.40 (–1.0, 0.2) | −0.43 (−0.8, −0.0) | 0.031 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=6228) | −0.05 (−0.2, 0.0) | −0.15 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.17 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.04 (−0,1 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.04 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.918 |
| HDL cholesterol (n=6226) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.03 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.03 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.04 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.142 |
| Triglycerides (n=6229) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.05 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.07 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.05 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.09 (−0.1, −0.0) | 0.037 |
Linear mixed models adjusted for age (n): number of observations pr cardiovascular risk factor, primary education=primary school and secondary school/up to 9 years of education. Upper secondary education=upper secondary school/10–12 years of education. Short tertiary education=university/college <4 years. Long tertiary education=university/college ≥4 years. P value=difference in regression coefficients between Tromsø2 and Tromsø7.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein.