Linear mixed model regression coefficients (95% CI) for the association between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in men per 1 SD body height by educational level and survey in The Tromsø Study (1979–2016)
| Tromsø2 1979–1980 | Tromsø3 1986–1987 | Tromsø4 1994–1995 | Tromsø5 2001 | Tromsø6 2007–2008 | Tromsø7 2015–2016 | P value | |
| Primary education (n=8868) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=8868) | 0.71 (0.0, 1.4) | 0.64 (−0.0, 1.3) | −0.42 (−1.1, 0.3) | −1.04 (−2.0, −0.1) | −2.07 (−3.0, −1.2) | −0.43 (−1.2, 0.4) | 0.051 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=8868) | 0.41 (−0.0, 0.9) | −0.05 (−0.5, 0.4) | −0.04 (–0.5, 0.4) | −0.33 (−0.9, 0.2) | −0.09 (−0.7, 0.5) | 1.17 (0.6, 1.7) | 0.030 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=8857) | −0.15 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.19 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.17 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.13 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.09 (−0.2, −0.0) | −0.03 (–0.1, 0.0) | 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (n=8850) | −0.02 (−0.0, –0.0) | −0.02 (−0.0, –0.0) | −0.02 (−0.0, –0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.809 |
| Triglycerides (n=8855) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.07 (−0.1, −0.0) | 0.00 (−0.1, 0.1) | −0.07 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.809 |
| Upper secondary education (n=8567) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=8567) | 0.26 (−0.6, 1.1) | 0.62 (−0.1, 1.4) | 0.31 (−0.3, 0.9) | 0.73 (−0.5, 1.9) | 0.01 (−0.8, 0.8) | −0.87 (−1.6, −0.1) | 0.070 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=8567) | 0.11 (−0.4, 0.6) | 0.02 (−0.5, 0.5) | −0.06 (−0.5, 0.3) | 0.63 (−0.2, 1.4) | 0.86 (0.3, 1.4) | 0.45 (−0.0, 0.9) | 0.223 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=8550) | −0.17 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.16 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.20 (−0.2, −0.2) | −0.07 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.05 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.000 |
| HDL Cholesterol (n=8545) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, −0,0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.815 |
| Triglycerides (n=8550) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | 0.02 (−0.1, 0.1) | −0.01 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.1) | 0.207 |
| Short tertiary education (n=4976) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=4975) | 1.09 (−0.2, 2.3) | 0.91 (−0.1, 1.9) | −0.54 (−1.4, 0.3) | 1.21 (−0.3, 2.8) | −1.10 (−2.1, −0.1) | −0.35 (−1.2, 0.5) | 0.092 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=4975) | 0.38 (−0.4, 1.2) | 0.08 (−0.6, 0.7) | −0.74 (−1.3, −0.2) | −0.49 (–1.5, 0.5) | −0.08 (−0.8, 0.6) | 0.28 (−0.3, 0.8) | 0.966 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=4976) | −0.15 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.16 (−0.2, –0.1) | 0.18 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.09 (−0.2, 0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.030 |
| HDL cholesterol (n=4971) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.00 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.456 |
| Triglycerides (n=4975) | −0.05 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.12 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.00 (−0.1, 0.1) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.782 |
| Long tertiary education (n=5975) | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (n=5975) | 0.23 (−0.9, 1.4) | 0.15 (−0.8, 1.1) | 0.34 (−0.5, 1.1) | −0.62 (−2.1, 0.9) | −1.43 (−2.5, −0.4) | 0.13 (−0.6, 0.9) | 0.576 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (n=5975) | 0.12 (−0.6, 0.9) | −0.24 (−0.8, 0.4) | −0.19 (−0.7, 0.3) | −0.60 (−1.6, 0.4) | −0.23 (−0.9, 0.4) | 0.25 (−0.2, 0.7) | 0.881 |
| Serum total cholesterol (n=5956) | −0.20 (−0.3, −0.1) | −0.16 (−0.2, −0.1) | −0.14 (−2.0, –0.1) | −0.07 (−0.2, 0.0) | −0.07 (−0.1, –0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | 0.000 |
| HDL cholesterol (n=5955) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.02 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.01 (−0.0, 0.0) | 0.973 |
| Triglycerides (n=5956) | −0.10 (−0.2, −0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.1) | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.0) | −0.06 (−0.1, −0.0) | 0.402 |
Linear mixed models adjusted for age, (n): number of observations pr cardiovascular risk factor, primary education=primary school and secondary school/up to 9 years of education. Upper secondary education=upper secondary school/10–12 years of education. Short tertiary education=university/college <4 years. Long tertiary education=university/college ≥4 years. P value=difference in regression coefficients between Tromsø2 and Tromsø7.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein.