Baseline characteristics by region (demographic, smoking, psychiatric and country-level variables)
| Variable | All (N=8144) | North America I (n=4539) | North America II (n=188) | South America (n=371) | Eastern Europe (n=818) | Western Europe (n=1750) | Africa (n=296) | Australasia (n=182) | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.5 (12.3) | 46.5 (12.4) | 47.6 (11.7) | 51.7 (11.2) | 42.9 (11.8) | 48.1 (11.5) | 42.1 (13.7) | 43.2 (13.8) | |
| Race | White | 6649 (81.6) | 3304 (72.8) | 184 (97.9) | 368 (99.2) | 818 (100) | 1736 (99.2) | 116 (39.2) | 123 (67.6) |
| Black | 1162 (14.2) | 1071 (23.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 86 (29.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 332 (4.1) | 163 (3.6) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 12 (0.7) | 94 (31.8) | 59 (32.4) | |
| Gender | Male | 3592 (44.1) | 1907 (42.0) | 93 (49.5) | 169 (45.6) | 394 (48.2) | 790 (45.1) | 166 (56.1) | 73 (40.1) |
| Female | 4552 (55.9) | 2632 (58.0) | 95 (50.5) | 202 (54.4) | 424 (51.8) | 960 (54.9) | 130 (43.9) | 109 (59.9) | |
| Smoking characteristics | |||||||||
| FTCD score, mean (SD) | 5.8 (2.0) | 5.7 (1.9) | 5.5 (2.1) | 5.5 (2.3) | 6.2 (2.1) | 5.8 (2.0) | 5.9 (1.9) | 5.5 (2.0) | |
| Cigarettes per day in past month, mean (SD) | 20.7 (8.2) | 19.5 (7.7) | 19.5 (7.7) | 26.6 (11.4) | 23.1 (8.1) | 21.7 (7.9) | 19.7 (9.2) | 18.9 (7.0) | |
| Living with smoker | 2931 (36.0) | 1655 (36.5) | 69 (36.7) | 134 (36.1) | 398 (48.7) | 486 (27.8) | 125 (42.2) | 64 (35.2) | |
| Prior treatment | Prior varenicline use | 1271 (15.6) | 934 (20.6) | 7 (3.7) | 10 (2.7) | 1 (0.1) | 236 (13.5) | 18 (6.1) | 65 (35.7) |
| Prior bupropion use | 844 (10.4) | 640 (14.1) | 1 (0.5) | 17 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 127 (7.3) | 39 (13.2) | 20 (11.0) | |
| Prior NRT use | 2136 (26.2) | 1551 (34.2) | 9 (4.8) | 3 (0.8) | 27 (3.3) | 450 (25.7) | 20 (6.8) | 76 (41.8) | |
| Psychiatric characteristics | |||||||||
| Comorbid psychiatric diagnosis | 1511 (18.6) | 1092 (24.1) | 2 (1.1) | 42 (11.3) | 13 (1.6) | 282 (16.1) | 31 (10.5) | 49 (26.9) | |
| No primary mood disorder | 4028 (49.5) | 2037 (44.9) | 134 (71.3) | 243 (65.5) | 446 (54.5) | 843 (48.2) | 225 (76.0) | 100 (54.9) | |
| Primary mood disorder | 2910 (35.7) | 1883 (41.5) | 44 (23.4) | 50 (13.5) | 138 (16.9) | 691 (39.5) | 56 (18.9) | 48 (26.4) | |
| Primary anxiety disorder | 792 (9.7) | 424 (9.3) | 6 (3.2) | 69 (18.6) | 110 (13.4) | 156 (8.9) | 4 (1.4) | 23 (12.6) | |
| Primary psychotic disorder | 390 (4.8) | 193 (4.3) | 2 (1.1) | 4 (1.1) | 121 (14.8) | 49 (2.8) | 10 (3.4) | 11 (6.0) | |
| Borderline personality disorder | 24 (0.3) | 2 (<0.1) | 2 (1.1) | 5 (1.3) | 3 (0.4) | 11 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
| HADS anxiety score, mean (SD) | 4.0 (3.6) | 4.2 (3.6) | 5.8 (4.1) | 3.4 (2.9) | 2.2 (2.7) | 4.2 (3.5) | 3.8 (3.7) | 4.6 (3.5) | |
| HADS depression score, mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.9) | 2.4 (2.9) | 3.7 (3.2) | 2.1 (2.5) | 2.0 (2.6) | 2.4 (3.1) | 2.2 (2.5) | 2.3 (2.8) | |
| Aggression Q total score, mean (SD) | 55.5 (17.4) | 54.5 (18.2) | 62.2 (17.8) | 62.2 (17.1) | 55.2 (15.7) | 55.5 (15.7) | 58.6 (17.2) | 56.6 (17.0) | |
| C-SSRS BEID | 1623 (19.9) | 1010 (22.3) | 37 (19.7) | 25 (6.7) | 14 (1.7) | 430 (24.6) | 40 (13.5) | 67 (36.8) | |
| Alcohol/substance dependence/use | 957 (11.8) | 778 (17.1) | 0 (0) | 12 (3.2) | 5 (0.6) | 109 (6.2) | 17 (5.7) | 36 (19.8) | |
| Any psychotropic medication use | 2325 (28.5) | 1459 (32.1) | 22 (11.7) | 80 (21.6) | 294 (35.9) | 377 (21.5) | 51 (17.2) | 42 (23.1) | |
| Newly derived country-specific variables | |||||||||
| Tobacco prevalence, mean (SD) | 22.9 (4.6) | 21.5 (1.9) | 15.0 (0.0) | 22.3 (3.9) | 32.8 (2.8) | 24.1 (3.7) | 20.0 (0.0) | 15.0 (0.0) | |
| GDP, mean (SD) | 43 972.4 (17 700.4) | 54 792.6 (998.1) | 10 922.0 (0.0) | 12 429.5 (494.5) | 11 498.7 (4651.8) | 47 028.9 (7833.6) | 6433.0 (0.0) | 50 177.2 (8351.7) | |
| Cigarette RIP, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.1 (0.1) | 3.1 (0.0) | 1.5 (0.2) | 3.1 (1.2) | 1.6 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.0) | 3.0 (0.3) | |
| MPOWER score, mean (SD) | 24.3 (4.2) | 22.6 (2.4) | 26.0 (0.0) | 32.8 (1.1) | 28.4 (1.4) | 25.9 (3.1) | 14.0 (0.0) | 29.3 (1.9) | |
All data are given as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
BEID, behaviour and/or ideation; C-SSRS, Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale; FTCD, Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; GDP, gross domestic product; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy; Q, questionnaire; RIP, relative income price.