Table 1

Vignette text for Catheterization Safety Checklist and Ventilator Proning

	Catheterization Safety Checklist	Ventilator Proning
Background	Some medical treatments require a doctor to insert a plastic tube into a large vein. These treatments can save lives, but they can also lead to deadly infections.	Some coronavirus (COVID-19) patients have to be sedated and placed on a ventilator to help them breathe. Even with a ventilator, these patients can have dangerously low blood oxygenation levels, which can result in death. Current standards suggest that laying ventilated patients on their stomach for 12–16 hours per day can reduce pressure on the lungs and might increase blood oxygen levels and improve survival rates.
Intervention A	A hospital director wants to reduce these infections, so he decides to give each doctor who performs this procedure a new ID badge with a list of standard safety precautions for the procedure printed on the back. All patients having this procedure will then be treated by doctors with this list attached to their clothing.	A hospital director wants to save as many ventilated COVID-19 patients as possible, so he decides that all of these patients will be placed on their stomach for 12–13 hours per day.
Intervention B	A hospital director wants to reduce these infections, so he decides to hang a poster with a list of standard safety precautions for this procedure in all procedure rooms. All patients having this procedure will then be treated in rooms with this list posted on the wall.	A hospital director wants to save as many ventilated COVID-19 patients as possible, so he decides that all of these patients will be placed on their stomach for 15–16 hours per day.
A/B test	A hospital director thinks of two different ways to reduce these infections, so he decides to run an experiment by randomly assigning patients to one of two test conditions. Half of patients will be treated by doctors who have received a new ID badge with a list of standard safety precautions for the procedure printed on the back. The other half will be treated in rooms with a poster listing the same precautions hanging on the wall. After a year, the director will have all patients treated in whichever way turns out to have the highest survival rate.	A hospital director thinks of two different ways to save as many ventilated COVID-19 patients as possible, so he decides to run an experiment by randomly assigning ventilated COVID-19 patients to one of two test conditions. Half of these patients will be placed on their stomach for 12–13 hours per day. The other half of these patients will be placed on their stomach for 15–16 hours per day. After one month, the director will have all ventilated COVID-19 patients treated in whichever way turns out to have the highest survival rate.