Benefit–cost analysis
| Total cost per patient admission (USD) | HG (A) | NHG (B) | Net-benefit (B−A) | B/A ratio (benefit–cost ratio, BCR) |
| Total (N=6391) | 20 570 | 27 416 | 6846 | 1.33 |
| KTAS | ||||
| More urgency (n=5556) | 20 334 | 29 074 | 8740 | 1.43 |
| Less urgency (n=835) | 21 801 | 14 269 | −7532 | 0.65 |
| ACCI | ||||
| ACCI≤2 (n=1747) | 16 700 | 29 640 | 12 941 | 1.77 |
| ACCI=3 (n=1169) | 24 948 | 34 965 | 10 017 | 1.40 |
| ACCI=4 (n=1445) | 14 346 | 22 545 | 8199 | 1.57 |
| ACCI≥5 (n=2030) | 25 890 | 24 894 | −996 | 0.96 |
| Major disease | ||||
| Malignant neoplasms (n=1735) | 37 059 | 63 186 | 26 127 | 1.71 |
| Diseases of the circulatory system (n=600) | 21 568 | 10 963 | −10604 | 0.51 |
| Diseases of the respiratory system (n=1141) | 12 369 | 18 568 | 6199 | 1.50 |
| Diseases of the digestive system (n=865) | 10 408 | 19 732 | 9324 | 1.90 |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system (n=577) | 14 018 | 11 979 | −2039 | 0.85 |
| Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings (n=329) | 6724 | 10 762 | 4038 | 1.60 |
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (n=290) | 5411 | 22 358 | 16 947 | 4.13 |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (n=253) | 13 906 | 5765 | −8142 | 0.41 |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (n=177) | 12 512 | 65 460 | 52 948 | 5.23 |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (n=147) | 9269 | 19 916 | 10 647 | 2.15 |
| Others (n=277) | 19 377 | 28 223 | 8846 | 1.46 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <50 (n=1098) | 34 234 | 46 473 | 12 238 | 1.36 |
| 50–59 (n=900) | 36 276 | 66 967 | 30 691 | 1.85 |
| 60–69 (n=1275) | 14 345 | 22 699 | 8354 | 1.58 |
| 70–79 (n=1763) | 11 861 | 15 868 | 4007 | 1.34 |
| ≥80 (n=1355) | 9310 | 12 453 | 3143 | 1.34 |
Data are presented as mean. Cost unit: USD (US Dollar), ($1=1307.9 KRW, year: 2023)
ACCI, Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index; HG, hospitalist group; KTAS, Korean Triage and Acuity Scale; NHG, non-hospitalist group.