Table 1

Participants’ baseline characteristics

MCMI group (n=44)MCMI-MCGT group (n=44)MCGT group (n=44)
Age*49.2 (11.3)47.4 (9.8)49.9 (11.5)
Gender
 Female†31 (23.5)32 (24.2)33 (25.0)
 Male†13 (9.8)12 (9.1)10 (7.6)
Diverse†0 (0.0)0 (0.0)1 (0.8)
Years of education*13.5 (3.1)14.3 (3.0)14.2 (3.7)
Disease duration*16.4 (8.8)16.8 (9.7)18.9 (10.7)
Multiple sclerosis phenotype‡
 Relapsing-remitting†30 (22.7)34 (25.8)28 (21.2)
 Primary progressive†7 (5.3)0 (0.0)5 (3.8)
 Secondary progressive†6 (4.5)10 (7.6)9 (6.8)
 Secondary progressive active disease†1 (0.8)0 (0.0)2 (1.5)
EDSS score§2.5 (2.0–4.0)3.0 (2.5–4.0)3.0 (2.0–4.0)
HADS anxiety§5.0 (4.0–7.0)6.0 (5.0–7.0)5.0 (4.0–7.0)
HADS depression§5.0 (4.0–7.0)4.0 (4.0–6.0)5.0 (4.0–7.0)
HADS total§11.0 (9.0–13)10.0 (9.0–13.0)10.0 (9.0–13.0)
MoCA§28.0 (27.0–29.0)28.0 (28.0–30.0)28.0 (28.0–29.0)
  • Higher EDSS scores reflect more severe disability caused by multiple sclerosis.

  • *Data are mean (SD).

  • †Number (%).

  • ‡The multiple sclerosis phenotype was determined based on the criteria outlined in the Lublin classification.64

  • §Median (IQR).

  • EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MCGT, music-cued gait training; MCMI, music-cued motor imagery; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.