Participants’ baseline characteristics
| MCMI group (n=44) | MCMI-MCGT group (n=44) | MCGT group (n=44) | |
| Age* | 49.2 (11.3) | 47.4 (9.8) | 49.9 (11.5) |
| Gender | |||
| Female† | 31 (23.5) | 32 (24.2) | 33 (25.0) |
| Male† | 13 (9.8) | 12 (9.1) | 10 (7.6) |
| Diverse† | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) |
| Years of education* | 13.5 (3.1) | 14.3 (3.0) | 14.2 (3.7) |
| Disease duration* | 16.4 (8.8) | 16.8 (9.7) | 18.9 (10.7) |
| Multiple sclerosis phenotype‡ | |||
| Relapsing-remitting† | 30 (22.7) | 34 (25.8) | 28 (21.2) |
| Primary progressive† | 7 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.8) |
| Secondary progressive† | 6 (4.5) | 10 (7.6) | 9 (6.8) |
| Secondary progressive active disease† | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) |
| EDSS score§ | 2.5 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.5–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) |
| HADS anxiety§ | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) |
| HADS depression§ | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 4.0 (4.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) |
| HADS total§ | 11.0 (9.0–13) | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |
| MoCA§ | 28.0 (27.0–29.0) | 28.0 (28.0–30.0) | 28.0 (28.0–29.0) |
Higher EDSS scores reflect more severe disability caused by multiple sclerosis.
*Data are mean (SD).
†Number (%).
‡The multiple sclerosis phenotype was determined based on the criteria outlined in the Lublin classification.64
§Median (IQR).
EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MCGT, music-cued gait training; MCMI, music-cued motor imagery; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.