Table 3

Process evaluation: an overview of data collection methods

ParameterMaterialMeasurement time pointsProcess evaluation elements
Recruitment descriptionRecruitment protocol: documentation of the recruitment process, collection of reasons for participation or withdrawal of the facilities, collection of reasons for participation or withdrawal of staff members.T0, T1, T2Reach
Description of the context factors of the nursing homesStructured questionnaire for nursing home managers and head nurses to assess the existence of concepts or standards for cognitive stimulation of PwD.T0Context
  • Organisational Readiness for Implementing Change questionnaire 38 to provide a description of cluster facility culture.

  • Person-centred climate (staff version) questionnaire. 39

  • Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale questionnaire. 40

  • Index for the stress of staff in inpatient geriatric care facilities due to changes in the behaviour of residents RCB-related distress index 35 questionnaire.

Sample: All nursing and care staff and management staff of the participating residential facilities.
T0, T2
Implementation of the intervention components
  • Staff training protocol: number of training sessions offered and received per cluster, including the duration, number, and function of participants, topics, and adaptations (type and reasons).

  • Staff training protocol: number of reflection sessions offered and received per cluster, including the duration, number, and function of participants, topics, and adaptations (type and reasons).

  • Staff training protocol: number of additional components offered and received.

T1, T2Fidelity, dose, adaptation, reach and inhibiting and promoting factors
  • Reflection questionnaire and training evaluation for the staff members: Perceived content of training and reflection.

  • Reflection sessions after each introduction and implementation of a new programme module during staff training.

T1, T2
Implementation of the intervention components in daily care and reactions of the study participants
  • Focus group interviews with N=4 staff members: Process adaptations within the context of the intervention (eg, cooperation between social services and nursing services, and facility staff);

Total: N=4
T2
Reactions of study participants
  • Focus group interviews with N=4 staff members to assess acceptance and satisfaction with the content of the staff training, reflection units and the process. n=1 per institution; total: N=4; total: N=4

  • Individual interviews with 3 PwD per facility on their representatives to assess their acceptance and satisfaction with the programme content, reflection units and the process. n=3 per facility; total: N=12

T2Mechanism of impact
Nursing home changes
  • Qualitative interviews to assess the perceptions of PwD or their representatives regarding cognitive stimulation changes. PwD or their representatives (N=3 per facility); total: N=12

T2
Target group perspectives
  • Qualitative interviews to assess the perspectives of the target groups (head nurses, head of social services, staff members actively involved in the intervention, head of nursing and head of social services as well as N=focus group interview with N=4 staff members per facility); Total: N=4 focus group interviews with staff members, N=8 interviews

T2Inhibiting and promoting factors and contextual conditions
  • .PwD, people with dementia; RCB, residents’ challenging behaviour.