Outcomes and outcome measurement tools
| Outcome | Outcome measurement tool | Outcome domain |
| Improved language | Bristol Language Development Scale (BLADES)*56 | Language |
| Improved vocabulary | British Picture Vocabulary Scales 2 (BPVS)*57 | Language |
| Improved quality of life | Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III)*58 | Quality of Life |
| Improved communicative activity and participation | Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS)*59 | Communicative activity and participation |
| Increased speech intelligibility | Functional Communication Measure (FCM) for speech intelligibility*60 | Speech |
| Increased speech intelligibility | intelligibility outcomes by peer group listeners61 | Speech |
| Generalisation to a new context | – | Speech |
| Generalisation across linguistic units | – | Speech |
| Generalisation across word positions | – | Speech |
| Generalisation of known sounds | – | Speech |
| Generalisation of the intervention target to other response contexts (eg, non-treatment words, other word positions, conversational speech) | – | Speech |
| Generalisation related to the target (eg, generalisation to other phonemes within and across sound classes) | – | Speech |
| Increased accuracy of target | – | Speech |
| Increased confidence when talking | Kiddy-Communication and Attitude Test (KiddyCAT)*62 | Communicative activity and participation |
| Increased mean length of utterance (MLU) | – | Language |
| Improved oromotor skills | Movements in Context and Sequenced Oral Movements tasks**63 | Oromotor |
| Improved oromotor skills | Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2 (PDMS-2)**64 | Oromotor |
| Increase in number of phonemes | – | Speech |
| Parent report on increased structural complexity | – | Speech complexity |
| Parent report on increased phrase complexity | – | Language |
| Increase in percentage of child utterance attempts that are fully intelligible from language sample | – | Speech |
| Increased accuracy measured by Percentage Consonants Correct | – | Speech |
| Increase in egressive output | – | Speech |
| Increase in phonological awareness | – | Phonological awareness |
| Decrease in phonological variability | Phonological Variability Test | Speech |
| Increase in percentage of intelligible utterances | – | Speech |
| Decrease in proportion of errors | – | Speech |
| Increase in percentage of phonemes correct | – | Speech |
| Increase in production of target sounds | – | Speech |
| Increase in percentage vowels correct | – | Speech |
| Increase in percentage of words correct | – | Speech |
| Increased stimulability | Scaffolding Scale of Stimulability (SSS)*65 | Speech |
Measures supported by normative data are indicated by*. Those that have been validated are indicated by**.