Table 1

Study measures

DomainConstructMeasureItemsYearsData source
Social position (predictor)RaceSelf-reported racial identification67 1*MWCCS core
EthnicitySelf-reported ethnicity identification67 10MWCCS core
IncomeSelf-reported annual gross income67 10–4MWCCS core
HIV statusELISA/Western blot67 0–4MWCSS core
Sexual identitySelf-reported sexual identity66 67 10–4MWCCS core
Sexual behaviourSelf-reported: gender of sexual partners since last visit54 1–30–4MWCCS core
Intersectional stigma (mediator 1)
Intercategorical stigmaInDI-A, InDI-D, InDI-M51 311–4Substudy survey
Intracategorical stigmaIntersectional stigma in healthcare settings scale55 411–4Substudy survey
Psychosocial syndemic (mediator 2)
Current stressPSS-456 71–4MWCCS core
Chronic stressTICS-E-9 Chronic Stress Screening Scale57 91–4Substudy survey
DepressionCES-D-1059 60 101–4MWCCS core
Intimate partner violenceRADAR IPV measures58 1–51–4Substudy survey
AnxietyGAD-261 21–4Substudy survey
Polydrug usePast-year use of 2 or more illicit substances at least monthly54 0–161–4MWCCS core
Sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) system stress responseHeart rate variability76 2/3Local site collection/EPICARE
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress responseHair cortisol concentration47 2/3Local site collection/Technische Universitat Dresden
Resiliencies (moderators)
Social supportMedical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey-4 items (MOS-SS-4)62 41/2MWCCS core/substudy survey
ResilienceBrief Resilient Coping Scale63 41Substudy survey
Patient–provider relationship strengthHealthcare Relationship Trust Scale64 151–4Substudy survey
MindfulnessMindful Attention Awareness Scale65 51Substudy survey
HIV and NCD syndemic continua of care (outcomes)
Healthcare avoidanceGlobal Healthcare Avoidance Brief Measure73 1–21–4Substudy survey
Retention in care for NCDsPast-year healthcare utilisation specific to diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidaemia31–4Substudy survey
Treatment for NCDsPast-year prescriptions specific to diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidaemia0–31–4Substudy survey
NCD treatment adherencePast-year adherence to medications for diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidaemia0–31–4Substudy survey
Retention in care for HIVPast-year healthcare utilisation specific to HIV care67 0–11–4MWCCS core
Treatment for HIVPast-year prescriptions specific to HIV67 0–51–4MWCCS core
HIV treatment adherencePast-year adherence to medications for HIV67 72 0–51–4MWCCS core
  • *Year 0 refers to data collected from the most recent MWCCS core visit completed prior to enrolment in this study.

  • GAD-2, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item; InDI, Intersectional Discrimination Index; IPV, intimate partner violence; MWCCS, MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study; NCD, non-communicable disease; PSS-4, Perceived Stress Scale; TICS-E-9, Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress.