Distributions between the two classes—class 0 (no recorded pain) and class 1 (recorded pain)
| Characteristics | N | Class 0 (no recorded pain) | Class 1 (recorded pain) |
| N (%) | 27 211 | 13 009 (47.9) | 14 202 (52.1) |
| Mean age (IQR) | 44 (29–55) | 41 (27–52) | 46 (32–56) |
| Gender (N, %) | |||
| Male | 13 471 | 7037 (54.1) | 6434 (45.3) |
| Female | 13 709 | 5953 (45.7) | 7756 (54.6) |
| Not known | 31 | 19 (0.2) | 12 (0.1) |
| Ethnicity (N, %) | |||
| White | 13 139 | 6014 (46.2) | 7125 (50.1) |
| Black | 5866 | 2115 (16.2) | 3751 (26.4) |
| Not stated/known | 4708 | 3418 (26.2) | 1290 (9.0) |
| Asian | 1506 | 592 (4.5) | 914 (6.4) |
| Other | 1197 | 512 (3.9) | 685 (4.8) |
| Mixed | 795 | 358 (2.7) | 437 (3.0) |
| Index of multiple deprivation (N, %) decile 2019 | |||
| =5 more deprived) | 19 660 | 8847 (68.0) | 10 813 (76.1) |
| >5 (less deprived) | 6686 | 3836 (29.4) | 2850 (20.0) |
| Not known | 865 | 326 (2.5) | 539 (3.9) |
| Primary diagnosis: SMI vs non-SMI (international classification of diseases-9 code) (N, %) | |||
| SMI | 8962 | 3059 (23.5) | 5903 (41.5) |
| Non-SMI | 18 249 | 9950 (76.5) | 8299 (58.5) |
SMI, severe mental illness.